Global electronic markets, virtual organisations, virtual identities, virtual products and services, and Internet-related crime are growing in prominence and importance. In a world that is increasingly non-physical and borderless, what are government’s roles, responsibilities and limitations? The Internet plays a central role within the transformation process from traditional governments toward...

We develop CONAN, a heuristic agent for concurrent bilateral negotiations in electronic markets that are open, dynamic and complex. Existing strategies often omit the factors determining when a market environment is open or how an agent evaluates progress in bilateral negotiations. Such omissions in turn damage the offer-making ability of an agent and consequently the number of successful negot...

The term „Electronic Service Market“ (ESM) can be decomposed into the parts „market“, „service“ and „electronic“, i.e., the allocation mechanism of the market is used to co-ordinate service utilisation in a computer-supported way. This definition restricts that for electronic markets from [Schm93] to the provision and consumption of on-line available services. In an ESM, all transaction phases ...

Our ancestor found that some of the Chinese herbal drugs were toxic during their clinical practice. They graded the toxicity of Chinese herbal drugs into three degrees and thought that the term "toxicity of the Chinese herbal drugs" could be used in a broad and a narrow sense. In modern times, toxic components of the Chinese herbal drugs and their toxic mechanisms, especially the toxicity on th...

BACKGROUND Over three-quarter of the world's population is using herbal medicines with an increasing trend globally. Herbal medicines may be beneficial but are not completely harmless.This study aimed to assess the extent of use and the general knowledge of the benefits and safety of herbal medicines among urban residents in Lagos, Nigeria. METHODS The study involved 388 participants recruite...

BACKGROUND The use of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) is growing in the general population. Herbal medicines are used in all countries of the world and are included in the top CAM therapies used. METHODS A multinational study on how women treat disease and pregnancy-related health ailments was conducted between October 2011 and February 2012 in Europe, North and South America an...

Collectables are often considered as an alternative to stocks for investing. Technological advancements have facilitated collectible investment, allowing information to be transferred worldwide between millions of investors in electronic markets such as online auctions. This research examines the behaviors of these electronic market investors, especially as they compare to traditional stock mar...

Electronic commerce has become a viable marketing channel for many companies as they take advantage of the ease of electronic markets to move merchandise quickly and inexpensively. Researchers have investigated the use of an e-commerce channel in conjunction with traditional channels, but less research has been dedicated to choosing which e-commerce channel to use. In this study, we examine the...

Online-auctions are one of the most successful types of electronic markets. They bring together buyers and sellers on a massive scale. However, using an electronic medium for conducting auctions has fundamental differences from traditional English-style auctions. One difference is the availability of software agents that can facilitate many aspects of online-auction participation. The addition ...

The vast majority of electronic markets have been based purely on a single variable (price) as the factor that determines ‘the winner’. Multi-attribute auctions are likely to be more appropriate for procurement scenarios where factors other than price need to be considered in determining the outcome. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of empirical research on multi-attribute electronic auctions....