Since Indonesia is a huge archipelago country, the prevalence of hepatitis virus infection highly varies among islands. In average the prevalence of clinical hepatitis in Indonesia was 0.6% in the year 2007. Of 82 clinical acute hepatitis patients treated in hospitals in several cities, acute hepatitis A accounted for 28.0%, acute hepatitis B 13.4%, and acute hepatitis C 1.2%; 35.4% patients we...

Specific laboratory tests are generally available now for three hepatitis viruses: hepatitis A (infectious or epidemic hepatitis), hepatitis B (previously referred to as serum hepatitis), and hepatitis D (the delta virus). A fourth virus, which causes enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis (or epidemic non-A hepatitis) has been seen by electron microscopy and has morphological and bioph...

Abstract Background Frequent blood transfusion in patients with beta thalassemia major can lead to iron overload especially in liver. Chronic iron overload could cause cirrhosis of the liver. Transfusion- transmitted hepatitis B and C also could develop cirrhosis in individuals. Materials and Methods The present cross- sectional descriptive study is to assess hepatomegaly and liver enzymes ...

Recent advances in hepatitis research have shed new light on the etiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology and prevention of type B hepatitis infection. The so-called 'Dane' particle is probably the complete hepatitis B virion; its outer coat is the hepatitis B (Australia) antigen (HB Ag) and its inner core is an immunologically distinct particle. Subtypes of HB Ag (a, d, y, w and r) are useful indi...

AIM To study the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes and their effect on the progression and outcome in patients with chronic liver diseases from New Delhi, India. METHODS Sera from 100 HBV-related chronic liver disease (CLDB) cases were tested for HBV genotype using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and Type-specific primers-based PCR (TSP-PCR) targe...

40 Andreassen H, Rungby J, Dahlerup JF et al. (1997) Inflammatory bowel disease and osteoporosis. Scand J Gastroenterol 32, 1247–1255. 41 Vogel A, Strassburg CP, Manns MP (2002) Genetic association of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms with primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology 35, 126–131. 42 Fan L, Tu X, Zhu Y et al. (2005) Genetic association of vitamin D receptor poly...

background the occult hepatitis b infection (obi) is defined as the presence of hepatitis b virus (hbv) dna in the sera or in the liver biopsy and the absence of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) by serological test. objectives the current study aimed to evaluate the occult hbv infection by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and determine hbv genotyping among the patients with abnormal alanine t...

Background and Aims: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infects the liver and causes acute and chronic hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis. HBV has been divided to eight genotypes (A–H) and subgenotypes of A, B, C and F. For the first time, we determined HBV genotypes in infected samples by INNO-LiPA method in Yazd, central province of Iran. Materials and Methods: This study was performed...

GamaSTAN S/D (Grifols Therapeutics, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina) is a sterile, preservative-free solution of immune globulin (IG) for intramuscular administration and is used for prophylaxis against disease caused by infection with hepatitis A, measles, varicella, and rubella viruses (1). GamaSTAN S/D is the only IG product approved by the Food and Drug Administration for hepat...

To clarify the influence that a recently identified SEN virus (SENV) has on hepatitis C virus (HCV) response to therapy with interferon plus ribavirin, 2 SENV variants, SENV-D and SENV-H, were studied in 100 patients with chronic hepatitis C; 57 of these patients were positive for SENV-D/H DNA, and there were no differences, in clinicopathological features, between patients with and without SEN...