Oil heat treatment can effectively improve the dimensional stability and bio-durability of wood. However, the characteristics of high oil uptake (50 percent or higher) and high susceptibility to leaching from wood have an adverse effect on subsequent manufacturing processes of wood product and production costs. A solvent extraction (100% ethanol) process was used to extract the surplus oil from...

Biomass can be utilized to produce bio-oil, a promising alternative energy source for the limited crude oil. There are mainly two processes involved in the conversion of biomass to bio-oil: flash pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction. The cost of bio-oil production from biomass is relatively high based on current technologies, and the main challenges are the low yield and poor bio-oil quality...

Oil from brebra (Millettia ferruginea) is the potential raw material for biodiesel production. The refining of crude oil requires a series of purification steps to produce quality biodiesel. The objective of the study was to produce refined oil from brebra seed for biodiesel production. Crude oil extraction was carried out using mechanical press and solvent extraction methods. Impurities of the...

The aim of our study was to investigate acute and chronic effects of the oil cleaner Simple Green (SG), crude oil (oil), crude oil and SG mixture (oil-SG) on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in early development stages (embryos, larvae). The acute effects of SG, oil, and oil-SG mixture on rainbow trout embryos and larvae were investigated. The 96-hour LC50 values for embryos/larvae were: SG ...

The liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) phase boundaries were determined experimentally for the ternary systems containing refined sunflower oil, methanol, and one of ten potential cosolvents at 308.2 K under atmospheric pressure by using cloud point method. n-Butylamine was found to be one of the best cosolvents, which could substantially enhance the miscibility between the oil and methanol. The L...

Copper and nickel hydrogenations give a wide distribution of double bonds in the monoene fraction from both reduced soybean and linseed oils. With copper catalysts, high pressure hydrogenation reduces the extent of this double bond distribution when compared with low pressure hydrogenation. With nickel catalysts, some t.17-octadecenoate is formed but less than with a copper catalyst. In room od...

Most of the Oil Pumping Units (OPU) are manually monitored. This existing oil-pumping systems use a high power-consuming process, is incapable of OPU’s structural health monitoring. In this paper, a sensor network based intelligent control is proposed for power economy and efficient oil well health monitoring. The condition of the oil storage tanks can be monitored using sensors like level sens...

As the oil spill models are usually based on the sea surface and few researches are for submarine oil spill nowadays, the simulation for submarine pipeline oil spill is discussed by FLUENT to forecast the trajectory of oil. The coupling of pressure and velocity under unsteady-state condition is solved by pressure implicit with splitting of operator’s algorithm and the boundary condition of nonl...

The cost of chemicals prohibits many technically feasible enhanced oil recovery methods to be applied in oil fields. It is shown that by-products from oil palm processing can be a source of valuable chemicals. Analysis of the pyrolysis oil from oil palm shells, a by-product of the palm oil industry, reveals a complex mixture of mainly phenolic compounds, carboxylic acids, and aldehydes. The phe...

This paper proposes a method of distinguishing between the effect of anticipated and unanticipated changes in oil prices and oil inventories on the US gasoline prices. I show that gasoline price adjustments are faster and stronger for anticipated changes in oil prices and inventory levels than for unanticipated changes. The dynamics of the gasoline price response depends on the relative importa...