The objective of this study was to determine the effects potassium fertilization (applied soil at 150, 250, and 350 kg K2O ha?1) irrigation on yield (fresh matter dry above-ground biomass tubers) health status tubers leaves three Jerusalem artichoke—JA (Helianthus tuberosus L.) cultivars (Topstar, Violette de Rennes, Waldspindel). Topstar cultivar characterized by highest total tuber (60.53 Mg ...

The thermal response of mitochondrial polar lipids from a variety of chilling-sensitive and chilling-insensitive plants was determined by differential scanning calorimetry. A phase transition was observed at 15 degrees C for mitochondria from soybeam (Glycine max. cv Davis) hypocotyl, at 16 degrees C for tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv Flora-Dade and cv Grosse Lisse) fruit, at 15 degrees C f...

Inulin is a soluble and indigestible fiber derived from natural plants such as Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus), “Kikuimo”. In the current study, a nutrigenomics approach was utilized to evaluate the in vivo function of “Kikuimo Extract” (KE) in ovariectomized cynomolgus macaque, a post-menopausal non-human primate model. KE was administered orally before feeding, for 3 months for the...

Purified mitochondria isolated from pea (Pisum sativum 1. cv Alaska) stems and Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus 1. cv 061) tubers were loaded with the acetoxymethyl ester of the fluorescent Caz+ indicator fura-2. This made possible the continuous monitoring of free [Ca”] in the matrix ([Ca”],) without affecting the apparent viability of the mitochondria. Pea stem mitochondria contained...

Sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyl transferase (1-SST) is the key enzyme initiating fructan synthesis in Asteraceae. Using reverse transcriptase-PCR, we isolated the cDNA for 1-SST from Taraxacum officinale. The cDNA-derived amino acid sequence showed very high homology to other Asteracean 1-SSTs (Cichorium intybus 86%, Cynara scolymus 82%, Helianthus tuberosus 80%), but homology to 1-SST from Allium ...

Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) tuber tissue cultured in the presence of the auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid accumulates ribosomal RNA at a rate of 0.135 micrograms per hour per explant whereas there is little accumulation in nontreated tissue. The addition of auxin enhanced the transcription of the 2.5 x 10(6) precursor 3.5-fold and increased the rate of processing 1.8-fold. The major...

Changes in the temperature response, fluidity, function and the acyl fatty acid composition, were determined for a mitochondria-rich membrane fraction from Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) tubers during dormancy for a crop which matured in midsummer. The temperature of both the upper and lower limits of the membrane lipid transition decreased during dormancy from 26 C and 1 C to 4 ...

Proline accumulation is an important mechanism for osmotic regulation under salt stress. In this study, we evaluated proline accumulation profiles in roots, stems and leaves of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) plantlets under NaCl stress. We also examined HtP5CS, HtOAT and HtPDH enzyme activities and gene expression patterns of putative HtP5CS1, HtP5CS2, HtOAT, HtPDH1, and HtPDH2 g...