marx,s viewpoint with regard to state had ever been an controversial discussion. he has two important viewpoint about existing state from political sociology viowpiont. one of that state depends of them relative independent from classes. in this article we tried to consider only the first marx,s viowpiont that class dependency on state in it. where is the basis of state, why he belive it depend...

According to the historical de"nition of philosophy among Western philosophers from Hegel to his anti-historical critics Levinas, Derrida, and Rorty, non-Western peoples have many intellectual practices but in a crucial sense they lack “philosophy.” !is absence meant for Hegel the want of a non-pictorial and abstract, cognitive, conceptual thinking; for later thinkers such as Levinas, Derrida, ...

The historical failures of Marxism in the twentieth-century came in three forms: the inability to account for the rise of fascism and Nazism; the establishment of authoritarian regimes where “communist” revolutions had occurred, largely in pre-industrial societies from barely post-feudal Russia to peasant-based China and “developing” nations such as Vietnam; and the incapacity of the proletaria...

Paving the way for a new reading of a substantial philosopher is a difficult task to accomplish, and this difficulty is compounded the more complicated the philosopher, and the more famous the text. Given that Katrin Pahl attempts such a feat with a philosopher as difficult as Hegel on a text as influential and revered as the Phenomenology, makes her interpretive endeavors in Tropes of Transpor...

Many social scientists have argued that research should be designed to perform a ‘critical’ function, in the sense of challenging the socio-political status quo. However, very often, the relationship between the political value judgements underpinning this commitment and the values intrinsic to inquiry, as a distinct form of activity has been left obscure. Furthermore, the validity of those jud...

1. The Problem. Marx is undeniably a fierce critic of a capitalist organization of economic activity. By what standards does Marx assess capitalism and find it objectionable? In many passages it seems that Marx's critique is based upon notions of justice and fairness which in his opinion capitalism flagrantly fails to satisfy. In the "Communist Manifesto," contrasting the phenomenon of exploita...

This paper has four related themes. It demonstrates that Marx’s Communism in its first or Socialist phase would recognize the essential inequality of labour on grounds of efficiency and growth. It offers an explanation for the apparent paradox that Marx and Engels championed a fully-fledged control system notwithstanding appreciation of the allocation functions of a competitive market system. I...

1. The Problem. Marx is undeniably a fierce critic of a capitalist organization of economic activity. By what standards does Marx assess capitalism and find it objectionable? In many passages it seems that Marx's critique is based upon notions of justice and fairness which in his opinion capitalism flagrantly fails to satisfy. In the "Communist Manifesto," contrasting the phenomenon of exploita...

Kenyataan kehidupan sehari-hari oleh Luckman dianggap menampilkan diri sebagai kenyataan par excellence sehingga disebutnya utama (paramount). Realitas bersifat fakta sosial, eksternal umum dan memiliki kekuatan memaksa kesadaran masing-masing individu, karena berada di luar individu tatanan sosial. Sementara pengetahuan artinya keyakinan bahwa suatu fenomena yang riil karakteristik tertentu ya...