Conditioning inspired gases during mechanical ventilation by adding heat and humidity is a well accepted standard of care.1 Failure to heat and humidify inspired gas in an intubated patient results in well described complications, including inspissation of secretions, deciliation, bronchospasm, airway obstruction, atelectasis, and endotracheal tube (ETT) occlusion.2 Though these issues are unif...

Replacing fossil flues by renewable and sustainable energies have been the concern of scientists working in this area over the recent decades. Furthermore, greenhouses play a key role in producing various crops year-round and in bohemian climates. For this objective, the greenhouses employ heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to provide the favourable conditions for the cons...

Bioterrorism is an area of increasing public health concern. The intent of this article is to review the air cleansing technologies available to protect building occupants from the intentional release of bioterror agents into congregate spaces (such as offices, schools, auditoriums, and transportation centers), as well as through outside air intakes and by way of recirculation air ducts. Curren...

Ventilation is ambiguously related to the energy saving rationale originating from the mitigation of global warming, the reaching of peak oil or health concerns related to fossil fuel burning. Since it makes up for about half of the energy consumption in well insulated buildings, it is an attractive target for energy saving measures. However, simply reducing ventilation rates has unwanted reper...

Heat recovery ventilation systems, because of reducing ventilation loss through recovered exhaust air, can play a good role in the effectiveness of ventilation to reduce energy use. In this paper, the impact of a heat recovery ventilator (HRV) on the energy use and indoor radon in residential buildings is investigated. This paper describes the effects of a heat recovery ventilation system on en...

The ongoing global effort to replace current refrigerants with zero Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) and virtually zero Global Warming Potential (GWP) refrigerants has important implications for heat exchangers, air conditioning system design, and the materials choices in these designs. Natural refrigerants with higher flammability, CO2, HFOs, and HFC – HFO blends each place different requiremen...

The energy consumption by heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration systems forms a large portion of the total energy usage in buildings. Vehicle fuel consumption and emissions are also significantly affected by air conditioning. Air conditioning is also a critical system for hybrid electric vehicles and electric vehicles as the second most energy consuming system after the elec...

The heavy water condensation problem has led to safety concern for the workers and electrical facilities in underground pumped storage power station. As current dehumidification scheme, heat humidity load are all removed through air conditioning unit, which high energy consumption low efficiency. a large amount of moisture comes from external fresh air, this study, we set system ventilation tun...