Fever is a common response to sepsis in critically ill patients. Fever occurs when either exogenous or endogenous pyrogens affect the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 in the pre-optic nucleus. Prostaglandin E2 slows the rate of firing of warm sensitive neurons and results in increased body temperature. The febrile response is well preserved across the animal kingdom, and experimental evidence sugg...

Aplysia californica has been used to study the protein synthetic response of nervous tissue to stress induced by elevated temperatures. The abdominal and pleural ganglia as well as associated connectives were exposed to various temperatures for 30 min, labeled with [33S]methionine at room temperature, and then analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. All cells examined responded ...

background: heat shock proteins (hsp) are highly conserved molecules with many immunological functions. they are highly immunogenic with important role in cancer immunotherapy and in vaccine development against infectious diseases. as adjuvant, hsp can augment the immunogenicity of weak antigens and can stimulate antigen presenting cells. although vaccines have been successful for many infectio...

For more than 50 years, heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been studied for their role in protecting cells from elevated temperature and other forms of stress. More recently, several roles have been ascribed to HSPs in the immune system. These include intracellular roles in Ag presentation and expression of innate receptors, as well as extracellular roles in tumor immunosurveillance and autoimmuni...

Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are a diverse set of proteins that mediate the correct folding, assembly, transport and degradation of other proteins. The Hsps have thus appropriately been termed as molecular chaperones. The 60kDa heat shock proteins (Hsp60s) form a sub-group of Hsps and are found to exist in all domains of life. In bacteria Hsp60s are encoded by the essential hsp60 genes arranged o...

We report that eucaryotic cells were induced to synthesize a specific class of heat shock proteins (hsps) when they entered the resting state, G0. This finding was originally made with Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells by taking advantage of the system in which we can distinguish between G1 arrests leading to G0 and those that do not result in G0 (Iida, H., and I. Yahara, 1984, J. Cell Biol. 98:11...

Inhibition of proteasome-mediated protein degradation machinery is a potent stress stimulus that causes accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and increased expression of heat shock proteins (Hsps). Hsps play pivotal roles in homeostasis and protection in a cell, through their well-recognized properties as molecular chaperones. The inducible Hsp expression is regulated by the heat shock transcr...

Heat shock response is characterized by the induction of heat shock proteins (HSPs), which facilitate protein folding, and non-HSP proteins with diverse functions, including protein degradation, and is regulated by heat shock factors (HSFs). HSF1 is a master regulator of HSP expression during heat shock in mammals, as is HSF3 in avians. HSF2 plays roles in development of the brain and reproduct...

A universal response to elevated temperature and other forms of physiological stress is the induction of heat shock proteins (HSPs). Hsp16 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe encodes a polypeptide of predicted molecular weight 16 kDa that belongs to the HSP20/alpha-crystallin family whose members range in size from 12 to 43 kDa. Heat shock treatment increases expression of the hsp16 gene by 64-fold in...

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones and one of the cell’s most important regulatory present in all species. HSPs a multigene family classified into six families according to their weight range between 8KDa 110KDa: HSP100, HSP90, HSP70, HSP60, small heat (sHSPs), ubiquitin. Citrus X Sinensis is very economical, widely grown world. It best sources nutrition, vitamin C, fiber, thia...