purpose: to determine whether adding 2% topical cyclosporine (csa) to local and systemic steroids in treatment of endothelial corneal allograft rejection improves the outcome. methods: a prospective randomized treatment trial was carried out on 40 consecutive corneal graft recipients, presenting with the first episode of endothelial graft rejection in two groups. group one (20 patients) receive...

Power output (P), thermal efficiency (η) and ecological function (E) characteristics of an endoreversible Dual-Miller cycle (DMC) with finite speed of the piston and finite rate of heat transfer are investigated by applying finite time thermodynamic (FTT) theory. The parameter expressions of the non-dimensional power output (P), η and non-dimensional ecological function (E) are derived. The rel...

A dual-beam surface-layer scintillometer (SLS) was used to estimate sensible heat flux (H) every 2 min for a path length of either 50 or 101 m, for more than 30 months in a mesic grassland in eastern South Africa. The SLS method relies on Monin-Obukhov similarity theory, the correlation between the laser beam signal amplitude variances and the covariance of the logarithm of the beam signal ampl...

An updraft tower cooling system is assessed for elimination of water use associated with power plant heat rejection. Heat rejected from the power plant condenser is used to warm the air at the base of an updraft tower; buoyancy-driven air flows through a recuperative turbine inside the tower. The secondary loop, which couples the power plant condenser to a heat exchanger at the tower base, can ...

Joule heating is a significant problem in electrokinetically driven microfluidic chips, particularly polymeric systems where low thermal conductivities amplify the difficulty in rejecting this internally generated heat. In this work, a combined experimental (using a microscale thermometry technique) and numerical (using a 3D "whole-chip" finite element model) approach is used to examine Joule h...