Bacillus subtilis possesses five osmotically regulated transporters (Opu) for the uptake of various compatible solutes for osmoprotective purposes. We have now found that compatible solutes also function as thermoprotectants for B. subtilis. Low concentrations of glycine betaine enhanced the growth of the B. subtilis wild-type strain JH642 at its maximal growth temperature (52 degrees C) but di...

OBJECTIVE We investigated the neural correlates of workload buildup in a fine visuomotor task called the boundary avoidance task (BAT). The BAT has been known to induce naturally occurring failures of human-machine coupling in high performance aircraft that can potentially lead to a crash-these failures are termed pilot induced oscillations (PIOs). APPROACH We recorded EEG and pupillometry da...

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Models of dust coagulation and subsequent planetesimal formation are usually computed on the backdrop an already fully formed protoplanetary disk model. At same time, observational studies suggest that should start early, possibly even before is formed. In this paper, we investigate under which conditions planetesimals form during buildup stage, in gas fall onto from its parent molecular cloud....