Background & Aims of the Study: Petrochemical industry is an important industry in the economic development of the country that causes employees have exposure with several kinds of contamination. The aim of this study was Semi-quantitative assessment of the health risk of occupational exposure to chemical materials and investigation of spirometry in...

The environment in which the project schedule will be executed is far from being static. Projects are subject to various uncertainties that have negative effect on activity durations. This is most apparent in the case of construction projects. The frequency and impact of risks depend on project-specific, contractor-specific and location-specific conditions. Identifying critical sources of risk ...

background: in the refractory brick manufacturing industry, because of the high risks associated with the level of dust in the factory environment and thermal stress, a precise identification of industrial hazards is required as a part of safety analysis. the aim of this study was to introduce a preventive approach to risk identification and assessment in the refractory brick production line.  ...

Pooling is the health system function whereby collected health revenues are transferred to purchasing organisations. Pooling ensures that the risk related to financing health interventions is borne by all the members of the pool and not by each contributor individually. Its main purpose is to share the financial risk associated with health interventions for which there is uncertain need. The pu...

Nanotechnology promises to improve the quality of human life, but it has also provoked concerns about potential adverse health effects on workers, the environment and consumers. Effective risk assessment and risk management of nanotechnology requires: 1) knowing how engineered nanoscale particles (NPs) can gain entry into the human body (routes of exposure); 2) knowing whether engineered NPs ca...

Background: The area of contaminated lands exposed to the health risk of environmental pollutants is a matter of argument. In this study, a new method was developed to estimate the amount of area that is exposed to higher than normal levels of Cr, Mn, and V. Methods: Overall, 170 soil samples were collected from the upper 10 cm of soil in an arid area in central part of Iran in Semnan Provin...

Widespread integration of market-based incentives into healthcare systems calls for — and has elicited — increasing adoption of risk adjustment. By deterring selection, risk adjustment helps to assure fair and efficient payments among health insurers or capitated provider groups. However, since conventional risk adjustment allocates funds among regions or insurers according to current populatio...

Synopsis: Risk selection, which occurs when an individual’s demand for a product is correlated with her risk, creates inefficiencies and inequalities in markets for those products and services. Studies have shown that risk selection often occurs in health care markets, especially in markets for health insurance. Risk adjustment is a method that has been developed to correct those inefficiencies...

BACKGROUND Various decisions have been made on technology application at all levels of the health system in different countries around the world. Health technology assessment is considered as one of the best scientific tools at the service of policy- makers. This study attempts to investigate the current challenges of Iran's health technology assessment and provide appropriate strategies to est...