We assessed the activity and swimming patterns of mesopelagic fishes in Red Sea using bottom-moored, upward-facing echosounders deployed at 555 700 m depth. The vertically migrating scattering layer descended close to bottom during daytime. This permitted assessment behavior depths by applying acoustic target tracking for individuals traversing beam. Swimming did not fit notion torpid daytime h...

Aerosol measurements have been carried out at Kolhapur (16°42′N, 74°14′E) by using Twilight Photometer, which is indigenously designed and developed at the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, a tropical station, Pune. The basic principle of this technique is if more number of aerosols exists in the atmosphere then more scattering takes place. Twilight observations have been carried out ma...

Why do wars continue even when their original causes are resolved? I offer a rationalist explanation: wars end in a negotiated settlement only when wartime and peacetime balances of power are approximately equal. Since fighting tends to shift the wartime balance of power, war creates its own commitment problems which can preclude a peaceful settlement—even after its initial causes have become i...