The use of L1 in language classroom has been traditionally repressed by applied linguists. However, in recent years, it is believed that switching to L1 can be considered a pedagogical instrument by teachers rather than a heterodox. Consequently, this two-phase study was an attempt to investigate the functions that are fulfilled by EFL teachers through their use of L1. In the first phase (i.e.,...

To account for differences among rural and urban regions, the OECD has established a regional typology, classifying TL3 regions as predominantly urban (PU), intermediate (IN) or predominantly rural (PR). This typology has proved to be meaningful to better explain regional differences in economic and labour market performance. However, it does not take into account the presence of economic agglo...

the use of l1 in language classroom has been traditionally repressed by applied linguists. however, in recent years, it is believed that switching to l1 can be considered a pedagogical instrument by teachers rather than a heterodox. consequently, this two-phase study was an attempt to investigate the functions that are fulfilled by efl teachers through their use of l1. in the first phase (i.e.,...

Since the 19th century to present day, stereotyping of Black male athletes has depicted them as athletically superior while intellectually inferior to White male athletes (Harrison & Lawrence, 2004). In this paper, the purpose is to theorize on the race-based stereotyping of Black male studentathletes at the collegiate level. Our comments are situated in the tenets of psychological critical rac...

As Einstein nicely put it: ‘Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler.’ It would be good to have a simple typology of the morphosyntactic features. And if Zwicky (1986: 988-989) is right in suggesting that there is a fixed list of available features and values, then a simple typology is an attainable goal. However, when we examine how features and their values can be esta...

BACKGROUND We examine the extent to which an existing sex work typology captures human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk in Karnataka and propose a systematic approach for devising evidence-based typologies. METHODS The proposed approach has four stages: (i) identifying main places of solicitation and places of sex; (ii) constructing possible typologies based on either or both of these criter...

The investigation of OER initiatives requires rigorous appraisal based on theory as well as descriptions based on practice if we are to understand them and how they might be sustained. A robust typology or flexible classification scheme will enable better comparison of common elements over widely different OER initiatives and help inform and improve praxis at all levels and across all socio-eco...

In the standard cosmological model, the temperature anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background is interpreted as variation in the gravitational potential at the point of emission, due to the emitter being embedded in a region C of overor under-density spanning the length (or size) scale λ on which the anisotropy is measured. If the Universe is inhomogeneous, however, similar density contrast...

We study de spectrum of primordial fluctuations and the scale dependence of the inflaton spectral index due to self-interactions of the field. We compute the spectrum of fluctuations by applying nonequilibrium renormalization group techniques. PACS numbers: 98.80.Cq, 11.10.Hi, 11.10.Jj Submitted to: J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. In this paper we explore a mechanism to explain departures of the primord...