A spect-oriented programming is a novel topic in the software engineering and languages communities. AOP appears to have the potential to significantly improve the reliability of programs, particularly by modu-larizing error-handling policies and allowing for easier maintenance and better reuse. In this article we introduce AspectJ, the first aspect-oriented programming language, and demonstrat...

BACKGROUND In February 2015 an outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred in a distillery in Kinmen, Taiwan. At least 450 affected employees developed the symptoms of diarrhea and vomiting after attending a lunch banquet on 6 February. Epidemiological, laboratory and environmental investigations were conducted to identify the agent and source of this outbreak. METHODS A case-control study was carri...

We compare the expressive power of three programming abstractions for user-de ned computational e ects: Bauer and Pretnar’s e ect handlers, Filinski’s monadic re ection, and delimited control without answer-type-modi cation. This comparison allows a precise discussion about the relative expressiveness of each programming abstraction. It also demonstrates the sensitivity of the relative expressi...

Background: The waste generated during the delivery of health care services carries a high potential of infection and injury than any other type of waste. Objectives: To study the system of segregation, collection, transportation and disposal of biomedical wastes. To assess the knowledge and practices about biomedical waste management among the health care providers. Methodology: A cross sectio...

INTRODUCTION Norovirus gastrointestinal disease (GID) outbreaks occur frequently in closed settings, with high attack rates. On October 16, 2008, a norovirus GID outbreak occurred at a Singapore military camp. This study describes the epidemiological investigations conducted to determine the cause of outbreak and the efficacy of the public health measures implemented. METHODS Epidemiologic in...

BACKGROUND A food borne illness was reported in Ga-East district of Greater Accra Region among school children in May, 2007 after eating food provided at school. The objective of the investigation was to determine the source, mode of contamination and the causative agent. METHODS A case-control study was conducted, cases were schoolchildren with abdominal symptoms and controls were children o...

We compare the expressive power of three programming abstractions for user-defined computational effects: Plotkin and Pretnar’s effect handlers, Filinski’s monadic reflection, and delimited control without answertype-modification. This comparison allows a precise discussion about the relative expressiveness of each programming abstraction. It also demonstrates the sensitivity of the relative ex...

Serological evidence of hepatitis E virus infection (HEV) has been observed in both humans and different animal species living in non-endemic areas, suggesting that animals could be important reservoir for virus transmission to man. Antibodies to HEV have been detected in some Brazilian population groups. Nevertheless, sporadic cases of acute HEV infection have never been reported. We collected...

OBJECTIVES The objective of this review is to propose an appropriate course of action for improving the guidelines followed by food handlers for control of infection. For this purpose, previous epidemiological reports related to acute gastroenteritis in food service businesses mediated by food handlers were intensively analyzed. METHODS Relevant studies were identified in international databa...