BACKGROUND In obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), individuals feel compelled to repeatedly perform security-related behaviors, even though these behaviours seem excessive and unwarranted to them. The present research investigated two alternative ways of explaining such behavior: (1) a dysfunction of activation--a starting problem--in which the level of excitation in response to stimuli suggest...

During various daily activities at home and work, hands quickly become contaminated. Some activities increase the risk of finger contamination by pathogens more than others, such as the use of toilet paper to clean up following a diarrheal episode, changing the diaper of a sick infant, blowing a nose, or touching raw food materials. Many foodborne outbreak investigation reports have identified ...

background and purpose: hand hygiene is a low-cost، convenient measure recommended to all health care providers to prevent nosocomial infections. health care staff commonly neglect the importance of hand washing at workplace. this study aimed to evaluate the effect of involuntary motivational factors on hand hygiene compliance byhealth care providers. methods: this descriptive analytical study ...

BACKGROUND Alcohol-based hand rubs are used worldwide to prevent transmission of nosocomial pathogens. OBJECTIVES To investigate skin irritation caused by alcohols alone and in combination with detergent washing. METHODS Single and repetitive patch testing with 60-100% alcohols [ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol (synonyms: isopropyl alcohol, isopropanol)], a positive control [0.5% sodium laur...

BACKGROUND Hand eczema is common in the general population and affects women twice as often as men. It is also the most frequent occupational skin disease. The economic consequences are considerable for society and for the affected individuals. METHODS To investigate the prevalence and incidence of hand eczema and to evaluate risk factors for development of hand eczema in young adults. Subjec...

Efforts to reduce the incidence of diarrheal infections in which enteropathogens are endemic have focused on education about the importance of hand washing to interrupt transmission of such organisms. Since the effectiveness of health education depends on an understanding of the recipients' ideas and customs, we studied perceptions of cleanliness and the role of soap and hand washing in two poo...