Most flowering plants depend on animal vectors for pollination and seed dispersal. Differential pollinator preferences lead to premating isolation and thus reduced gene flow between interbreeding plant populations. Sets of floral traits, adapted to attract specific pollinator guilds, are called pollination syndromes. Shifts in pollination syndromes have occurred surprisingly frequently, conside...

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Changes in the pollinator communities of marginal plant populations can affect their pollination quantity or quality. Geographic variation in pollination success can alter the reproductive advantage that female plants require to persist within gynodioecious populations. Particularly valuable is determining the pollination success at the prezygotic stage in self-compatible g...

Pollination regulates a syndrome of developmental responses that contributes to successful sexual reproduction in higher plants. Pollination-regulated developmental events collectively prepare the flower for fertilization and embryogenesis while bringing about the loss of floral organs that have completed their function in pollen dispersal and reception. Components of this process include chang...

Societal Impact Statement Urban food production could contribute towards sustainable provision and would also deliver benefits to biodiversity the health of urban residents. Many crops rely on insect pollination, but pollinator populations are under-studied. In this study, crop–pollinator interactions pollination quality were quantified in allotments United Kingdom. A diversity insects was obse...

most sweet cherry cultivars are as found as self-incompatible and therefore for commercial fruit production, compatible pollinizers are needed. controlled pollination and microscopic examination of pollen tube growth in the style are two classical methods for determination of compatible and incompatible pollen donor cultivars. this experiment was carried out to explore the compatibility of ‘zar...

Context Understanding the factors that influence viable-seed production is crucial in conservation of threatened plant species, yet these are often poorly understood.Aims We investigated reproductive biology Zieria granulata C.Moore ex Benth., an endangered Australian endemic with a limited distribution, intent improving and restoration outcomes.Methods Components floral biology, including onto...

Abstract Plant mating systems may reflect an adaptation to a habitat type, with self-pollination being potentially common in unstable and disturbed conditions. We investigated the reproductive ecology of Alpine, narrow-range toadflax, Linaria tonzigii Lona (Plantaginaceae), occurring steep dynamic mountain screes. explored self-compatibility spontaneous autogamy, seed viability, daily nectar pr...

From the biology’s point of view, pollination is an important step in the reproduction of seed plants. From our point of view, pollination is a promising and novel, biological paradigm for future dependable and self-managing computing systems. This estimation is based on the characteristics the pollination process between plants and insects im-