In many species of social Hymenoptera, unmated workers can lay eggs that will produce males by parthenogenesis. Nevertheless, in queenright honey bee colonies (Apis mellifera), worker reproduction is low. One possible mechanism for this difference is worker policing, the removal of worker-laid eggs by other workers. This behavior can evolve in species in which queens are multiply mated, where w...

Abstract Recent commentary on Karl Polanyi’s oeuvre has argued that the émigré scholar abandoned his earlier concerns of working out a (socialist) alternative to liberal market society when delving into institutional study ancient economies at Columbia University from late 1940s 1950s. This article reconsiders work through lens 1920s efforts theorize socialist accounting and economy in context ...

Angle's legacy was assured when his disciples, both in the United States and abroad, boarded the joiners' bandwagon. The first 2 cornerstones of the professional pyramid were laid (education and organization), and the specialty began to pour the third cornerstone: orthodontic literature. Anthropologists, anatomists, histologists, and health professionals laid the foundation for the study of cra...

The viability of eggs laid by individual functional queens from polygyne colonies of the fire ant, Solenopsi:; intricra Buren, was examined by staining for chromatin. In isolation units held in the laboratory inseminated queens laid nearly 100% viable eggs, compared to < 10% for uninseminated queens, Experiments in which the quantity of brood was manipulated demonstrated that the number of broo...

Phenotypic plasticity and phenotypic stability are major components of the adaptive evolution of organisms to environmental variation. The invariant two-egg clutch size of Eudyptes penguins has recently been proposed to be a unique example of a maladaptive phenotypic stability, while their egg mass is a plastic trait. We tested whether this phenotypic plasticity during reproduction might result...

Experiments with sex allocation in parasitic wasps offer excellent opportunities for testing how the way in which organisms process information about their environment influences behaviour. If mating takes place in temporary patches, where only a small number of females produce offspring, then sex allocation theory predicts a female-biased sex ratio. When females lay different numbers of offspr...

BACKGROUND Experiments under controlled laboratory conditions can produce decisive evidence for testing biological hypotheses, provided they are representative of the more complex natural conditions. However, whether this requirement is fulfilled is seldom tested explicitly. Here we provide a lab/field comparison to investigate the identity of an egg-marking signal of ant queens. Our study was ...