background :  nosocomial infections are considered as health issues that affect developed and poor countries. these infections can be transmitted to patients through hospital environment and equipments. the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of gram-negative bacilli in the environment and the equipments of hospitals in the east of golestan province in 2015.  methods :  in this stu...

Many nurses practise wound dressing based upon knowledge of sequential procedural steps rather than understanding the principles underpinning the most effective approaches to wound dressing. Currently two leading dressing approaches, aseptic (clean hand/dirty hand) technique and wound field, are being taught to undergraduate nursing students. Collectively and comparatively, both techniques have...