Aim Between July 2005 and May 2008, Indonesia reported 133 H5N1 confi rmed human cases with a case fatality proportion of 81%. Fifty-four percent of cases had a history of direct contact with poultry (chickens). Therefore, it is important to defi ne the detection of antibody of H5N1 among people who have intensive contact with poultry have been exposed to H5N1 viruses. Methods We collected sera...

Infection with avian influenza A virus of the H5N1 subtype (isolates A/HK/212/03 and A/HK/213/03) was fatal to one of two members of a family in southern China in 2003. This incident was preceded by lethal outbreaks of H5N1 influenza in waterfowl, which are the natural hosts of these viruses and, therefore, normally have asymptomatic infection. The hemagglutinin genes of the A/HK/212/03-like vi...

In the absence of a parenteral drug, oral oseltamivir is currently recommended by the WHO for treating H5N1 influenza. Whether oseltamivir absorption is adequate in severe influenza is unknown. We measured the steady state, plasma concentrations of nasogastrically administered oseltamivir 150 mg bid and its active metabolite, oseltamivir carboxylate (OC), in three, mechanically ventilated patie...

Sinovac Biotech started to develop prototype pandemic influenza H5N1 vaccines in March 2004. On 2 April 2008, Sinovac's inactivated, aluminium-adjuvanted, whole-virion prototype pandemic influenza A (H5N1) vaccine (PanFlu) was granted production licensure by the China regulatory authority State Food and Drug Administration. The whole-virion H5N1 vaccine was manufactured in embryonated hens' egg...

It is necessary to understand whether some humans possess natural humoral-immune protection for avianH5N1 influenza. To broadly assess an exposure naïve cohort we have examined intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs) isolated from pools of many thousands of normal Australian blood donations. In studies of the anti-H5N1 antibody potential of these highly purified IVIG therapeutics and of individual ...

Avian influenza viruses of the H5N1 subtype pose a serious global health threat due to the high mortality (>60%) associated with the disease caused by these viruses and the lack of protective antibodies to these viruses in the general population. The factors that enable avian H5N1 influenza viruses to replicate in humans are not completely understood. Here we use a high-throughput screening app...

Avian influenza virus (H5N1) can be transmitted to humans, resulting in a severe or fatal disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immune cross-reactivity between human and avian influenza (H5N1) strains in healthy donors vaccinated for seasonal influenza A (H1N1)/(H3N2). A small frequency of CD4 T cells specific for subtype H5N1 was detected in several persons at baseline, and season...

Latar Belakang: Avian influenza adalah infeksi virus menular yang menyerang unggas, hewan, dan manusia di seluruh dunia. Sebagian besar pada disebabkan oleh tipe A B, sedangkan unggas hanya terinfeksi A.
 Isi: Masa inkubasi umumnya 2 sampai 7 hari, tapi bisa selama 8 9 hari. Gejala klinis ditandai dengan demam tinggi, batuk, gejala saluran pernapasan bagian bawah. World Health Organization...

One of the greatest influenza pandemic threats at this time is posed by the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses. To date, 61% of the 433 known human cases of H5N1 infection have proved fatal. Animals infected by H5N1 viruses have demonstrated acute neurological signs ranging from mild encephalitis to motor disturbances to coma. However, no studies have examined the longer-term neurol...

BACKGROUND In China, 30 human cases of avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infection were identified through July 2008. We conducted a retrospective case-control study to identify risk factors for influenza H5N1 disease in China. METHODS A questionnaire about potential influenza H5N1 exposures was administered to 28 patients with influenza H5N1 and to 134 randomly selected control subjects matched...