the intestinal bacterial diversity of stichopus japonicus was investigated using 16s ribosomal rna gene (rdna) clone library and polymerase chain reaction/denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (pcr-dgge). the clone library yielded a total of 188 clones, and these were sequenced and classified into 106 operational taxonomic units (otus) with sequence similarity ranging from 88 to 100%. the cov...

In sperm-dependent sexual/asexual mating systems, male mate choice is critical for understanding the mechanisms behind apparent stability observed in natural populations. The gynogenetic Amazon molly (Poecilia formosa) requires sperm from sexual males (e.g. Poecilia latipinna) to trigger embryogenesis, but inheritance is strictly maternal. Consequently, males should try to avoid or reduce the c...

ABSTRACT One of the factors that may affect and limit production in eucalypt plantations is attack defoliating insects. Among those, brown caterpillar, Thyrinteina arnobia (Stoll, 1782) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), stands out for being major pest Eucalyptus spp. Brazil. Thus, present study aimed to investigate food consumption T. arnobia, its native host, guava (Psidium guajava L.), different E....

Doubled haploids (DHs) are essential founders for breeding via isogenic line production. We determined the optimal timing of first and second (HST1 HST2) double heat shock treatment DH production in willow gudgeon (Gnathopogon caerulescens). Gynogenesis was induced by fertilisation with UV-irradiated sperm (20 mJ/cm2). Each HST performed at 40.5°C 1 min. In experiment I, HST1 applied 23–31 min ...

In a recent paper, De Baets et al. have characterized the fuzzytolerance and fuzzy equivalence relations that a given strict order relation iscompatible with. In this paper, we generalize this characterization by consideringan arbitrary (crisp) relation instead of a strict order relation, while payingattention to the particular cases of a reflexive or irreflexive relation. The reasoninglargely ...

Clone group mapping has a very important significance in the evolution of code clone. The topic modeling techniques were applied into code clone firstly and a new clone group mapping method was proposed. The method is very effective for not only Type-1 and Type-2 clone but also Type-3 clone .By making full use of the source text and structure information, topic modeling techniques transform the...

In long-lived clonal plants, the overall size of a clone is often used to estimate clone age. The size of a clone, however, might be largely determined by physical or biotic interactions, obscuring the relationship between clone size and age. Here, we use the accumulation of mutations at 14 microsatellite loci to estimate clone age in trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) from southwestern Cana...

Existing researches suggest that the code clone (duplicated code) is one of the factors that degrades the design and the structure of software and lowers the software quality such as readability and changeability. However, the influence of code clones on software quality has not been quantitatively clarified yet. In this paper, we have tried to quantitatively clarify the relation between code c...