Systems biology is the latest fashion in biology, driven by advances in technology that have provided us with a suite of ‘omics’ techniques providing information or at least data, which is not quite the same thing, but can easily be confused with it at a whole range of levels of biomolecular organisation from genes through proteins to metabolites. The hope is that all of these, when combined in...

Recent studies performed provide mechanistic insight into effects of the microbiota on cholesterol metabolism, but less focus was given to how cholesterol impacts the gut microbiota. In this study, ApoE-/- Sprague Dawley (SD) rats and their wild-type counterparts (n = 12) were, respectively, allocated for two dietary condition groups (normal chow and high-cholesterol diet). Total 16S rDNA of fe...

Normal vaginal flora of sexually mature women consists of lactobacilli, transient or commensal anaerobic and aerobic bacteria, and Candida species from skin and gut flora. The normal pH value of vaginal flora is 3.8–4.4. Lactobacilli predominate in the vaginal flora, primarily L. crispatus, L. gasseri, L. iners and L. jensenii, depending on ethnicity. Normal pH values differ significantly betwe...

Honeybees are eusocial insects with close interaction their surrounding environment. Gut microbiota in honeybees play a significant role host health, biology, and behavior the Apis florea , wild bee, is most primitive among all indigenous to Indian subcontinent. Previous reports on reared honeybee species provide information gut microbiome. No such studies reported of species. This study aimed ...