A helper-dependent expression system based on transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV) has been developed using a minigenome of 3.9 kb (M39). Expression of the reporter gene beta-glucuronidase (GUS) (2-8 microg per 10(6) cells) and the porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV) ORF5 (1-2 microg per 10(6) cells) has been shown using a TGEV-derived minigenome. GUS express...

To learn more about the function and regulation of small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) during seed development, we studied sHSP expression in wild-type and seed maturation mutants of Arabidopsis by western analysis and using an HSP17.4 promoter-driven beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene in transgenic plants. In the absence of stress, GUS activity increases during development until the entire e...

Variation of transgene expression caused by either position effect at the insertion site or the promoter/enhancer elements employed for the expression of selectable marker genes has complicated phenotype characterization and caused misinterpretation. We have developed a reporter system in rice to analyze the influence of vector configuration, spacer and selectable marker gene promoter on the ex...

Despite numerous physiological studies addressing the interactions between brassinosteroids (BRs) and auxins, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. We studied the expression of IAA5 and IAA19 in response to treatment with indole acetic acid (IAA) or brassinolide (BL), the most active BR. Exogenous IAA induced these genes quickly and transiently, whereas exogenous BL induced...

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), which catalyses the carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate using HCO(3)(-) to generate oxaloacetic acid, is an important enzyme in the primary metabolism of plants. Although the PEPC genes (ppc) comprise only a small gene family, the function of each gene is not clear, except for roles in C(4) photosynthesis and CAM. Three PEPC genes (Nsppc1-3) from the C(3...

The specification of the hair and non-hair cells in the Arabidopsis root epidermis provides a useful model for the study of cell fate determination in plants. A network of putative transcriptional regulators, including the related bHLH proteins GLABRA3 (GL3) and ENHANCER OF GLABRA3 (EGL3), is known to influence the patterning of these cell types. Here, we analyze the expression and regulation o...

The NIa protein of certain plant potyviruses localizes to the nucleus of infected cells. Previous studies have shown that linkage of NIa to reporter protein beta-glucuronidase (GUS) is sufficient to direct GUS to the nucleus in transfected protoplasts and in cells of transgenic plants. In this study, we mapped sequences in NIa that confer karyophilic properties. A quantitative transport assay u...

The soybean SAUR (Small Auxin-Up RNA) genes are transcriptionally induced by exogenous auxins within a few minutes after hormone application. This response is specifically induced by auxins primarily in epidermal and cortical cells within elongation zones of hypocotyls and epicotyls. We have previously shown that an 832-bp soybean SAUR promoter/beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene fusion is r...

The Nla protein of certain plant potyviruses localizes to the nucleus of infected cells. Previous studies have shown that linkage of Nla to reporter protein @-glucuronidase (GUS) is sufficient to direct GUS to the nucleus in transfected protoplasts and in cells of transgenic plants. In this study, we mapped sequences in Nla that confer karyophilic properties. A quantitative transport assay usin...

Guselkumab (GUS) studies in plaque psoriasis (PsO) have established a favorable safety profile for the drug. To evaluate cumulative experience PsO, we pooled placebo-controlled (wk 0-16 CNTO1959PSO2001, CNTO1959PSO3001/3002, and CNTO1959PSO3006) end-of-reporting 0-40 CNTO1959PSO3006; wk16-44 CNTO1959PSO3003; wk0-52 CNTO1959PSO2001 CNTO1959PSO3004; wk0-56 CNTO1959PSO3009; through wk264 CNTO1959P...