Agent-based methods allow for defining simple rules that generate complex group behaviors. The governing of such models are typically set a priori, and parameters tuned from observed behavior trajectories. Instead making simplifying assumptions across all anticipated scenarios, inverse reinforcement learning provides inference on the short-term (local) long-term policies by using properties Mar...

Free-ranging groups are frequently assorted by phenotypic characters. However, very little is known about the underlying processes that determine this structuring. In this study, we investigate the mechanisms underlying the phenotypic composition of shoals of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) in a high-predation stream in Trinidad’s Northern Mountain Range. We collected 57 entire wild shoals, which...