BACKGROUND The effect of breastfeeding on growth in HIV-exposed infants is not well described. OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate the effect of early breastfeeding cessation on growth. DESIGN In a trial conducted in Lusaka, Zambia, HIV-infected mothers were randomly assigned to exclusive breastfeeding for 4 mo followed by rapid weaning to replacement foods or exclusive breastfeeding fo...

Agriculture is one of the main pillars economic growth in Indonesia. Failure this sector can result faltering stability country. Thus, to minimize these failures, mapping areas with particular commodity potential needed. One factors affecting crops rainfall. Therefore, paper aims model distribution based on rainfall precipitation using dynamic copula. The modeling results are then used as a bas...

OBJECTIVE To understand caregivers' perceptions of children's linear growth and to identify the cultural meanings and perceptions of risk associated with poor height attainment. DESIGN Three investigators from Bangladesh conducted twelve focus group discussions. SETTING The study was conducted in rural and slum settings in Bangladesh. SUBJECTS Participants included mothers and alternative...

Adequate nutrition during the early years of life is of paramount importance for growth, development and long-term health through adulthood. It is during infancy and early childhood that irreversible faltering in linear growth and cognitive deficits occur (1, 2). Poor nutrition during this critical period contributes to significant morbidity and mortality (3). Similarly, the increasing prevalen...

Child chronic undernutrition, as measured by stunting, is prevalent in low- and middle-income countries and is among the major threats to child development. While stunting and its implications for cognitive development have been considered irreversible beyond early childhood there is a lack of consensus in the literature on this, as there is some evidence of recovery from stunting and that this...

We use longitudinal data on over 1,500 children born in 2001 in Vietnam to study the impact of early childhood stunting on height, lagging in schooling progression and cognitive outcomes in late childhood (age 8-10 years). Our preferred estimates utilize 2SLS estimators to control for the endogenous determination of early childhood stunting and also include control for child sex and birth order...

BACKGROUND Rates of preterm birth are increasing worldwide and this increase is mostly due to infants born between 34 and 36 weeks of gestational age, the so-called "late preterm" births. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of late preterm birth over growth outcomes, assessed when children were 12 and 24 months old. METHODS In 2004, all births taking place in Pelotas (Southern Braz...

BACKGROUND Linear growth faltering in the first 2 y contributes greatly to a high stunting burden, and prevention is hampered by the limited capacity in primary health care for timely screening and intervention. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine an approach to predicting long-term stunting from consecutive 1-mo weight increments in the first year of life. METHODS By using the referenc...

BACKGROUND Environmental enteropathy (EE) is a subclinical enteric condition found in low-income countries that is characterized by intestinal inflammation, reduced intestinal absorption, and gut barrier dysfunction. We aimed to assess if EE impairs the success of oral polio and rotavirus vaccines in infants in Bangladesh. METHODS We conducted a prospective observational study of 700 infants ...

Economic growth drivers aimed at stimulating and stabilizing the economies of countries to engender sustainable growth. Studies have shown that Nigeria has been plagued with stunted faltering economic over years. Tax other relevant macroeconomic policies are implemented by government smoothen out fluctuations but this not fully harnessed. A causal-effect study was conducted between tax revenue,...