We have modified and stabilized the ruthenium surface by depositing a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 1-hexadecanethiol on a polycrystalline ruthenium thin film. The growth mechanism, dynamics, and stability of these monolayers were studied. SAMs, deposited under ambient conditions, on piranha-cleaned and piranha + H2SO4 cleaned substrates were compared to monolayers formed on H-radical-clean...

Ambient conditions surrounding respiratory droplets determine their growth or shrinkage. In cold and humid weather, the can grow due to supersaturation of vapor puff. This phenomenon be explained by our model.

Whole and diced yellow onions (Allium cepa) were inoculated with five-strain cocktails of rifampin-resistant Escherichia coli O157:H7 or Salmonella and stored under conditions to simulate food service or consumer handling. The inoculum was grown in broth (for both whole and diced onion experiments) or on agar plates (for whole onion experiments). Marked circles (3.3 cm in diameter) on the outer...

A 60-days feeding trial was conducted to study the effect of higher temperature (32°C) in comparison to ambient temperature (24.5°C) on different metabolic enzyme namely, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), acid phosphatase (ACP) & alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities in different tissues of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. AST activ...

In order to calculate the redis tr ibut ion of boron in silicon by both diffusion and autodoping dur ing epitaxial growth, certain materials parameters must be known as a function of temperature. The parameters are the diffusion coefficient of boron, the evaporat ion coefficient of boron from silicon, and the silicon evaporation rate in a hydrogen ambient. The value of the diffusion coefficient...

In the transition-zone water-filter hypothesis, (see main text), water is assumed essentially trapped within the transition zone because of dehydration melting of ambient upwelling at 410km and exsolution of water from slabs at 660km. The assumption that recycling of water is closed allows us to develop a simple theoretical model with which to predict various important parameters such as the me...

Recent ab initio calculations showed that amines can enhance atmospheric sulfuric acid-water nucleation more effectively than ammonia, and this prediction has been substantiated in laboratory measurements. Laboratory studies have also shown that amines can effectively displace ammonia in several types of ammonium clusters. However, the roles of amines in cluster formation and growth at a micros...

the effect of hydraulic retention time in a range from 1.0-5.5 days was evaluated in a laboratoryscaleanaerobic fixed bed reactor packed with a hybrid material composed of tire rubber and zeolite. underthese conditions, cod removal efficiencies varied from 28.3% to 82.1%, respectively. over the more than 6months of operation, no clogging was observed. the results obtained demonstrated that this...

We consider an inspection game between an arbitrary number of polluting rms and an agency who can choose to monitor ambient pollution. We obtain an equilibrium where all rms comply with the same probability and where the inspection agency inspects all rms individually if ambient pollution exceeds an endogenous threshold. If the ne for noncompliance is high enough, the agency's costs are lower t...