Oil-rich regions frequently fight separatist civil wars, consistent with the broader hypothesis that oil wealth diminishes prospects for civil peace. Although existing “greed” and “grievances” hypotheses highlight important attributes of oil production that may contribute to violence, we have few insights into a basic question about mechanisms: what prevents governments from strategically using...

Abstract The paper studies whether a drought in 1788 affected the outbreak of peasant revolts during French Revolution. I construct community-level data set with information on local severity and uprisings 1789. Communities severe conditions more often experienced against feudal system. Then, investigate mechanism through which may have revolts. Those by had higher demand for institutional chan...

The incentive for international agencies to promote ‘local’ peacebuilding is commonly premised on the hope that micro-level interventions can nourish grassroots activism and participatory citizenship. Tracing reconciliation processes across Iraq following defeat of ISIL provides a window through which view transactional relationships between ‘national’ forms politics, conflict peace in post-Ba’...

Abstract Before 1859, the right of any member public to abate a nuisance existed unchallenged in American law as judicially recognized form popular justice. In that year, decision Brown v. Perkins , authored by Massachusetts Chief Justice Lemuel Shaw, restricted those who had suffered particular injury. The grew out suit for damages owner an illegal saloon, which been sacked local mob. Reversin...

The Lake Chad Basin region has experienced a steep increase in violence and instability since 2010, associated with ethnic identity conflict, ecological degradation, insurgency. This article explores the association between activities of insurgency groups – focussing on perpetration against civilians state actors agropastoral background stresses this region. finds pattern close spatial temporal...