The purpose of this study was to generate quadruple fluorescent protein (QFP) transgenic mice as a source for QFP-expressing neural stem and progenitor cells (NSCs/NPCs) that could be utilized as a tool for transplantation research. When undifferentiated, these NSCs only express cyan fluorescent protein (CFP); however, upon neuronal differentiation, the cells express yellow fluorescent protein ...

The jellyfish green fluorescent protein (GFP) has proven to be a useful tool in protein localization and trafficking studies. Fused to GFP, a protein of interest can be visualized and tracked in vivo through fluorescence microscopy. However, the process of making these fusion proteins is often tedious and painstaking. Here, we describe a simple and quick method for creating GFP fusion proteins ...

The green fluorescent protein (GFP) of Aequorea victoria has been developed here as a reporter for gene expression and protein localization in Candida albicans. When wild-type (wt) GFP was expressed in C. albicans, it was not possible to detect fluorescence or a translation product for the wt protein. Since this was probably due in part to the presence of the non-canonical CTG serine codon in t...

The nuclear pore complex (NPC) mediates communication between the cytoplasm and nucleus in eukaryotic cells. Active transport of large polypeptides as well as passive diffusion of smaller (approximately 10 kD) macromolecules through the NPC can be inhibited by depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores. However, the physiological relevance of this process for the regulation of nucleocytoplasmic tra...

Reporter genes, including green fluorescent protein (GFP), have been used to monitor the expression of transgenes introduced into vascular cells by gene transfer vectors. Here, we demonstrate that GFP by itself can selectively induce expression of certain genes in endothelial cells. Elevation of the cytoplasmic concentration of GFP in endothelial cells, specifically, resulted in a robust upregu...

The rate of protein diffusion in bacterial cytoplasm may constrain a variety of cellular functions and limit the rates of many biochemical reactions in vivo. In this paper, we report noninvasive measurements of the apparent diffusion coefficient of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli. These measurements were made in two ways: by photobleaching of GFP fluorescenc...

background: oncolytic herpes simplex virus (ohsv) vectors lacking γ34.5 has demonstrated anticancer effects without affecting normal cells. therefore, they are considered as ideal templates to construct efficient vectors for tumor targeting and cancer gene therapy. herein, we reported construction of three single/dually-labeled recombinant hsv-1 vectors, which provide an opportunity to replace ...

We have investigated the intracellular traffic of PrP(c), a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein implicated in spongiform encephalopathies. A fluorescent functional green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged version of PrP(c) is found at the cell surface and in intracellular compartments in SN56 cells. Confocal microscopy and organelle-specific markers suggest that the protein is fou...

Plants acclimate to variations in light intensity by changing the antenna size of photosystems. This acclimation allows them to undergo efficient photosynthesis and creates a protective strategy to minimize photodamage. Chlorophyll b synthesis by chlorophyllide a oxygenase (CAO) is a key regulatory step in the control of antenna size. Recently, we found that higher plant CAOs consist of three d...

Green fluorescent proteins (GFPs) and variants thereof are widely used to study protein localization and dynamics. We engineered a specific binder for fluorescent proteins based on a 13-kDa GFP binding fragment derived from a llama single chain antibody. This GFP-binding protein (GBP) can easily be produced in bacteria and coupled to a monovalent matrix. The GBP allows a fast and efficient (one...