integrated energy systems utilizing renewable sources are sustainable and environmentally substitutes for conventional fossil-fired energy systems. a new multigeneration plant with two inputs, such as biomass and solar energy, and four useful outputs, such as cooling, heating, power, and distilled water, is presented and investigated in this paper. the proposed system includes evacuated tube so...

freshwater resources represent around 3% of all water on earth, and less than 1% of that is available. consideringcurrent conditions, as well as future predictions of need, freshwater resources cannot meet human needs. thus,sweetening of the brackish water can be performed to provide freshwater for human use. solar energy, because ofiran's climatic conditions, may be used for sweetening the bra...

The purpose of this study was to determine the comparative environmental impacts of coupled seawater desalination and water reclamation using a novel hybrid system that consist of an osmotically driven membrane process and established membrane desalination technologies. A comparative life cycle assessment methodology was used to differentiate between a novel hybrid process consisting of forward...

[1] Many regions of the world are facing formidable freshwater scarcity. Although there is substantial scope for economizing on the consumption of water without affecting its service level, the main response to water scarcity has been to increase the supply. To a large extent, this is done by transporting water from places where it is abundant to places where it is scarce. At a smaller scale an...

Microbial desalination cells (MDCs) are an emerging concept for simultaneous wastewater treatment and water desalination. This work presents a mathematical model to simulate dynamic behavior of MDCs for the first time through evaluating multiple factors such as organic supply, salt loading, and current generation. Ordinary differential equations were applied to describe the substrate as well as...

The objective of this paper is to introduce models to determine an effective, feasible, and cost-efficient strategy for Saudi Arabia’s water supply system to meet its projected demand in 2025. This paper uses cost minimizing and production maximizing approaches to build the models. The water management system is divided into three processes–desalination, distribution, and wastewater treatment. ...

We demonstrate and analyze a novel desalination method which works by electrophoretically replacing sodium and chloride in feed salt water with a pair of ions, calcium and carbonate, that react and precipitate out. The resulting calcium carbonate precipitate is benign to health, and can be filtered or settled out, yielding low ionic strength product water. The ion exchange and precipitation emp...