BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common inflammatory disease of the central nervous system and manifests both physical and neurocognitive disabilities. Although predominantly a disease of the white matter, MS is also characterized by lesions in the gray matter. Previous pathologic studies have found that cortical and deep gray matter lesions comprised 5% and 4%, respec...

In this paper, two new geodesic distance transforms for gray-scale images are presented. The first transform, the Distance Transform on Curved Space (DTOCS), performs the calculation with integer numbers. The second transform, the Weighted Distance Transform on Curved Space (WDTOCS), gives a weighted distance map with real numbers for an arbitrary gray-value image. Both transforms give a distan...

The previous are identical to the expressions (2) and (3). Thus the n 1 columns do consist of two repetitions of 2”-r-level Gray code. Now if we combine the first two columns again, we reduce each 2”-‘-level Gray code into two 2n-2-level Gray codes, or, the complete array into four 2”-2-level Gray codes. This can continue until we have only m columns, which would be 2n-m repetitions of 2”‘-leve...

sever& texture features are introduced from a proposed higher-order statistical matrix, the gray level gap length matrix (GLGLM). The GLGLM measures the gray level variations in an image. It complements the gray level run length matrix (GLRLM) and is more superior when the number of gray level is large. Features extracted from the weighted GLGLM can be used to estimate the size distribution of ...

The previous are identical to the expressions (2) and (3). Thus the n 1 columns do consist of two repetitions of 2”-r-level Gray code. Now if we combine the first two columns again, we reduce each 2”-‘-level Gray code into two 2n-2-level Gray codes, or, the complete array into four 2”-2-level Gray codes. This can continue until we have only m columns, which would be 2n-m repetitions of 2”‘-leve...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The association between subcortical deep gray matter, white matter, and cortical pathology is not well understood in MS. The aim of this study was to use DTI to investigate the subcortical deep gray matter alterations and their relationship with lesion burden, white matter, and cortical atrophy in patients with MS and healthy control patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A to...

Ventricular tachycardia, a life-threatening regular and repetitive fast heart rhythm, frequently occurs in the setting of myocardial infarction. Recently, the peri-infarct zones surrounding the necrotic scar (termed gray zones) have been shown to correlate with ventricular tachycardia inducibility. However, it remains unknown how the latter is determined by gray zone distribution and size. The ...

OBJECTIVE To assess the value of MicroPure, a new ultrasound image processing technique, in identifying microcalcifications (formed by monosodium urate crystals) in the first metatarsophalangeal joints attacked by gout compared to gray-scale ultrasound images. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six patients who fulfilled the study inclusion criteria underwent gray-scale ultrasound and MicroPure exa...

A proof is presented that shows how the neighborhood structure that is induced under a Gray Code representation repeats under shifting. Convergence proofs are also presented for steepest ascent using a local search bit climber and a Gray code representation: for unimodal 1-D functions and multimodal functions that are separable and unimodal in each dimension, the worst case number of steps need...