CONTEXT The presentation of pancreatic cancer with a leukemoid reaction is rare with no prior reports in the English language literature. CASE REPORT We report a case of advanced pancreatic cancer presenting with leukemoid reaction. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor levels were normal while interleukin-6 was elevated. The patient had no...

Sepsis is associated with failure of multiple organs, including failure of the immune system. The resulting 'sepsis-associated immunosuppression' resembles a state of immunological anergy that is characterized by repeated 'infectious hits', prolonged multiple-organ failure, and death. As a consequence, adjunctive treatment approaches using measures of immunostimulation with colony-stimulating f...

Dysregulated erythropoietin (EPO) plasma levels may play a role in the patho physiology of chronic liver disease (CLD) [1] because chronic anaemia is frequently observed in patients with liver cirrhosis. Some reports have used regular short acting Erythropoietin as well as low dose long acting Erythropoietin and regular short acting Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (Filgrastim) in liver ci...

ABBREVIATIONS. USPHS, US Public Health Service; IDSA, Infectious Diseases Society of America; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; PCP, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia; TE, toxoplasmic encephalitis; MAC, Mycobacterium avium complex; AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; TB, tuberculosis; TMP/ SMZ, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; BI, bacterial infections; TST, tuberculin skin test; PPD, purified...

Addition of Shiga toxin 2 to human bone marrow or cord blood cell culture induced macrophage-granulocyte colonies. Although Shiga toxin 2 alone induced colonies mainly composed of macrophages, it induced colonies mainly consisting of granulocytes when combined with physiological doses of interleukin-1beta, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, or stem cell factor with interleukin-3.

Peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) are increasingly being used in the clinic as a replacement for bone marrow (BM) in the transplantation setting. We investigated the capacity of several different growth factors, including human flt3 ligand (FL), alone and in combination with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF ) or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF ), to m...