The synapses related to the granule cells of the olfactory bulb of rat brain have been studied in aldehyde-fixed material. The synapses can be divided into three classes: (1) those which have asymmetrical synaptic membrane thickenings and spheroidal synaptic vesicles; (2) those with symmetrical synaptic thickenings and flattened vesicles; and (3) the reciprocal synapses, one half of which (from...

We provide an application of the theory group actions to study musical scales. For any G, finite G-set S, and real number t, we define t-power diameter diamt(G,S) be size maximal orbit S divided by mean elements S. The symmetric S11 acts on set all tonic scales, where a scale is subset Z12 containing 0. show that for t∈[−1,1], among subgroups G S11, heptatonic scales largest subgroup Γ, its con...

It is now fairly well established that the catecholamines and ATP stored in the adrenalmedullary chromaffin granules are released by exocytosis, a process involving fusion of the chrome-granule membrane to the external limiting membrane of the chromaffin cell and extrusion of the core. The proteins and the lipids of the granule membrane are not released, however, and it has been suggested on th...

Knowing the rate of addition of new granule cells to the adult dentate gyrus is critical to understanding the function of adult neurogenesis. Despite the large number of studies of neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus, basic questions about the magnitude of this phenomenon have never been addressed. The S-phase marker bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) has been extensively used in recent studies of ad...