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We consider the problem of tunneling MPLS label switched paths (LSPs) over an optical network in which λ-channels (lightpaths) of a fixed capacity are the main mechanism of transport. While any set of LSPs, each LSP having an arbitrary rate, can be tunneled over a given λ-channel as long as the aggregate rate does not exceed the channel’s capacity, intuition suggests that this flexibility has a...

1 I n t r o d u c t i o n One of the daunting problems in machine translation (MT) is the mapping of tense. The paper singles out tile problem of translating German present tense into English. This problem seems particularly instructive as its solution requires calculation of aspect; as well as determination of tile temporal location of events with respect to the time of speech. We present a di...

When defining the semantics of shared-memory concurrent programming languages, one conventionally has to make assumptions about the atomicity of actions such as assignments. Running on physical hardware, these assumptions can fail to hold in practice, which puts in question reasoning about their concurrent execution. We address an observation, due to John Reynolds, that processes proved sound i...

An easily automatable flow-injection (FI) method for the determination of total catechins is reported. The method is based on the reaction of vanillin in acid medium to yield a coloured product with maximum absorption at 500 nm. After optimisation by the univariate and multivariate approaches as required, the linear range was established (between 10 and 90 mgL and 10 and 250 mgL for white and r...

Biological degradation of phenolic compounds by a mixed bacterial culture was investigated. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis were the two strains used in the study. pH and the temperature for the growth of bacteria was found to be 70.2 and 372C, respectively. The mixed microbial culture was able to degrade 250 mgl of phenol and wattle completely within 36 and 48 hours, respectivel...

In Korean verbal inflection, all forms in the paradigm (A-suffix, C-suffix, or ɨ-suffix forms) suffer from neutralization of some lexical contrasts, and there is no single form of the paradigm from which one can correctly predict all the other forms in the paradigm. Nevertheless, a survey of child errors and historical change show that the attested reanalyses are overwhelmingly based on ambigui...

We characterize ring spectra morphisms from the algebraic cobordism spectrum MGL ([12]) to an oriented spectrum E (in the sense of Morel [4]) via formal group laws on the ”topological” subring E∗ = ⊕iE 2i,i of E∗∗. This result is then used to construct for any prime p a motivic Quillen idempotent on MGL(p). This defines the BP -spectrum associated to the prime p as in Quillen’s [6] for the comp...