We used molecular dynamics simulations with system sizes up to 100 million atoms to simulate plastic deformation of nanocrystalline copper. By varying the grain size between 5 and 50 nanometers, we show that the flow stress and thus the strength exhibit a maximum at a grain size of 10 to 15 nanometers. This maximum is because of a shift in the microscopic deformation mechanism from dislocation-...

Coating plays a significant role in surface engineering, which leads to the improvement of the mechanical and metallurgical properties of products. It also brings about economic benefits thanks to the cost savings of the improved properties of the surface of a product in particular. Friction surfacing is a relatively new way to create a homogeneous, fine-grained coating with amended resistance ...

The effect of pre-existing nano sized precipitates on the mechanisms and rate of grain refinement has been investigated during the severe plastic deformation. A binary Al–0.2Sc alloy, containing coherent Al3Sc particles, of 3.62 nm in diameter has been deformed by accumulative roll bonding up to 10 cycles. The resulting deformed structures were quantitatively analyzed using electron backscatter...

This study reviews world literature on the strength-related effect of duration and rate of loading on wood and wood-based materials. Also, early developments are discussed which led to the currently used permanent loading factor of 9/16. Published data on duration of load are reanalyzed and compared. The comparisons suggest that the effect of stress level on duration of stress for wood is great...

MgAl2O4 and x wt% ZrO2–MgAl2O4 (1 # x # 30) composite powders were prepared by the urea combustion route. The powders were further ground by either ball milling or attrition to refine the grain size. Zirconia was found solely in the tetragonal form. Dense materials were prepared by hot pressing. The spinel matrix grains were submicronic in size. The ZrO2 particles were homogeneously dispersed a...