increasing concern with income distribution effects rather than growth effects of government activities has prompted numerous incidence analysis of government tax and expenditure behavior, in this paper, the extent of government contributions to changes in income inequality is analyzed for the Iranian economy. Some major findings of this research is that income distribution in urban areas was m...

This study aims to examine the effect of PAD, DAU, DAK and SILPA on Regional Expenditures, besides that it also examines whether FLYPAPER EFFECT phenomenon occurs in local governments West Sumatra. The population this is Indonesian Provincial Government 2016-2020. analytical method used multiple linear regression analysis. results indicate DAK, have a significant Expenditures occurrence governm...

Investment in human capital accumulation, government consumption and total government expenditures present a striking negative correlation with capital shares. This correlation is robust to alternative speci...cations, lists of controls, and exclusion of outliers. Causality tests strongly support the hypothesis that the direction of causation runs from capital shares to the government spending ...

Investment in human capital accumulation, government consumption and total government expenditures present a striking negative correlation with capital shares. This correlation is robust to alternative speci...cations, lists of controls, and exclusion of outliers. Causality tests strongly support the hypothesis that the direction of causation runs from capital shares to the government spending ...

We analyze decisions made by a group of terrorists and a target government in a zero-sum game in which the terrorists minimize, and the government maximizes, the expected utility of the median voter in the target country. The terrorists’ strategy balances the probability and the severity of the attack while the government chooses the level of investment reducing the probability and/or mitigatin...

BACKGROUND The goal of universal health coverage (UHC) requires that families who get needed health care do not suffer financial hardship as a result. This can be measured by instances of impoverishment, when a household's consumption including out-of-pocket spending on health is more than the poverty line but its consumption, excluding out-of-pocket spending, is less than the poverty line. Thi...

BACKGROUND To quantify extent of catastrophic household health expenditures, determine factors influencing it and estimate Fairness in Financial Contribution (FFC) index in Georgia to establish the baseline for expected reforms and contribute to the design and fine-tuning of the major reforms in health care financing initiated by the government mid-2007. METHODS The research is based on the n...

It has been shown that an otherwise standard one-sector real business cycle model may exhibit indeterminacy and sunspots under a balanced-budget rule that consists of fixed and wasteful government spending and proportional income taxation. However, the economy always displays saddle-path stability and equilibrium uniqueness if the government finances endogenous public expenditures with a consta...

there are many indices for measuring property rights (pr) security. they may be classified into two groups: subjective proxies and objective proxies. most of the proxies are subjective. one contribution of this paper is introducing a new approach for measuring government expenditures devoted to pr protection. calculating physical capital within the introduced new approach is another contributio...