In order to build coherent textual representations, readers use cognitive procedures and processes referred to as reading strategies; these specific procedures can be elicited through self-explanations in order to improve understanding. In addition, when faced with comprehension difficulties, learners can invoke regulation processes, also part of reading strategies, for facilitating the underst...

in this study, government budgets in the last 150 years have been examined based on leviathan state and the selection process theories. using this descriptive-historical method we evaluate the impact of financial behavior of government on development. in the first section of this paper, the concept of government nature has been defined and its influence on public finance is fully explained. mor...

In general terms, e-government can be defined as the use of information and communication technologies in government settings. However, it is neither a homogeneous nor a static phenomenon. In recent years, empirical studies have identified two interesting dynamics in e-government evolution. First, e-government has evolved from its initial presence on the Internet to a more transactional and int...

this paper aims to investigate the effect of budget deficit shock on government spending in indonesia. for this propose, this reasearch uses an alternative error correction model based on loss function of government spending. the model assumes the short run disequilibrium, in which shock variables may play an important role. a spesific loss function model is applied to develop the long run gove...

There are several well-established surveys on e-government. These surveys employ different assessment models for e-readiness, digital divide and other relevant factors, leading to varying conclusions on the global state of e-government. This paper presents a comparative study of 11 international surveys on egovernment between 2001 and 2004. It identifies a common set of ‘core indicators’ for as...

Much research has been done on evaluating the performance of e-government in China, but comprehensive pictures of research done on evaluation of performance of e-government can hardly be found in the Chinese literature. Besides, there are few theories to support the research and practice in evaluation. By analyzing existed literature, the paper proposes a conceptual framework for evaluating per...