A study was made of the cellular origin of human immunoglobulins (gamma(2), gamma(1M), gamma(1A)). The results indicated that two closely related families of cells form immunoglobulins in human lymphoid tissue: germinal (reticular) centers and plasma cells. Thus their cellular origin in addition to their known antigenic relations further justifies placing the immunoglobulins in one family of pr...

Evaluation of dairy replacement calf health is generally divided into the pre-weaning and post-weaning periods; with an average weaning age of 8.6 weeks [1]. In 2007, the NAHMS Dairy study found that the pre-weaning period accounts for about 81% of total dairy replacement calf mortality [1]. Accordingly, management strategies to optimize health during this period will have the greatest impact o...

1. Background Protein-protein interaction networks Proteins are linear chain biomolecules that are the basis of functional networks in all organisms. They include classes that regulate other proteins (e.g. kinases), classes that regulate gene expression (e.g. transcription factors), and classes that control response to disease (e.g. immunoglobulins). Aspects of their social networks have been e...