Non-diffusible residues in the medium were obtained from stationary-phasespent culture medium from Pseudomoms no. 95 by thorough dialysis and freeze-drying. These were added to other cultures at the start of growth and the distribution of 14C between EDTAextractable lipopolysaccharides, non-EDTA-extractable lipopolysaccharides, the remainder of the bacterium and the culture fluid was determined.

OBJECTIVE Breast milk jaundice is a common problem in nursing infants. It has been ascribed to various breast milk substances, but the component or combination of components that is responsible remains unknown. During our study of defects of the bilirubin uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase gene (UGT1A1) in patients with hereditary unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (Crigler-Najjar syndrom...

BACKGROUND Polymorphism of genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes is known to play an important role in increased susceptibility of colorectal cancer. UGT1A gene locus has been suggested to define tissue-specific glucuronidation activity. Reduced capacity of glucuronidation is correlated with the development of colorectal cancer. Therefore, we sought to explore polymorphism of UGTlA gene in h...

Gemfibrozil, a fibrate hypolipidemic agent, is eliminated in humans by glucuronidation. A gemfibrozil glucuronide has been reported to show time-dependent inhibition of cytochrome P450 2C8. Comprehensive assessment of the drug interaction between gemfibrozil and cytochrome P450 2C8 substrates requires a clear understanding of gemfibrozil glucuronidation. However, the primary UDP-glucuronosyltra...

The pregnane X receptor (PXR) has three known major transcript variants resulting from alternative splicing. The less well characterized variants T2 and T3 are identical to the well described variant T1 except for a 39-amino acid N-terminal extension in T2 and an internal 37-amino acid deletion in T3. We have developed reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods to detect a...

The UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) 2B15 and 2B17 are the major UGTs involved in the inactivation and elimination of the active androgens, dihydrotestosterone and testosterone. Although regulation of these UGT genes by various endogenous and exogenous ligands, including steroid hormones and bile acids, is well documented, the mechanisms controlling their basal gene expression are poorly und...

Crigler-Najjar (CN) syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder characterized by non-hemolytic, unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. The levels of serum bilirubin and the response to phenobarbital treatment have been used to classify CN syndrome into two types: CN I and II. Mutations of the UGT1A1 gene have been found to be responsible f...

Introduction UGT, a family of Phase II detoxification enzymes, catalyzes the transfer of the glucuronyl group from uridine diphosphogluronic acid to many substrates, including steroid hormones (1). Glucuronidation, an irreversible step in the pathway of steroid metabolism, converts steroids into polar, water soluble derivatives and may alter the levels of active androgens in steroid target tiss...

Glucuronidation by UDP-glucuronyltransferase 2B enzymes (UGT2Bs) is a major pathway for the elimination of endobiotics and xenobiotics, including therapeutic drugs. Morphine, a probe drug for UGT2B7, is metabolized to morphine-3-beta-glucuronide (M3G) and morphine-6-beta-glucuronide (M6G) in humans. Morphine has been used in a series of experiments in the baboon to characterize developmental ch...