Rat liver glucokinase is specifically inhibited by palmitoyl-CoA and other long chain acyl-CoAs at concentrations well below their critical micelle concentrations (Tippett, P. S., and Neet, K. E. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 12839-12845). Kinetic studies of this inhibition indicate that the long chain acyl-CoAs act on glucokinase through an allosteric site. The inhibition is competitive with both...

The d-allose and N-acetyl-d-mannosamine kinases of Escherichia coli K-12 are divergent members of the functionally diverse ROK (repressor, open reading frame, kinase) superfamily. Previous work in our laboratory has demonstrated that AlsK and NanK possess weak phosphoryl transfer activity toward the alternate substrate d-glucose. To gain insight into the evolutionary mechanisms that fuel the sp...

Maternal protein restriction is a model of fetal programming of adult glucose intolerance. Perfused livers of 48-h- starved adult offspring of rat dams fed 8% protein diets during pregnancy and lactation produced more glucose from 6 mM lactate than did control livers from rats whose dams were fed 20% protein. In control livers, a mean of 24% of the glucose formed from lactate in the periportal ...

The pancreatic beta- and alpha-cells are developmentally related to each other but reveal diverse gene expression patterns. Among the two important transcription factors for insulin gene expression, IEF1 is present both in alpha- and beta-cells, but PDX-1/IPF1/STF-1/IDX-1, a homeodomain-containing transcription factor, is present in beta-cells but not in alpha-cells. To elucidate the function o...

Rat liver 'glucokinase' (hexokinase D) catalyses the phosphorylation of fructose with a maximal velocity about 2.5-fold higher than that for the phosphorylation of glucose. The saturation function is hyperbolic and the half-saturation concentration is about 300 mM. Fructose is a competitive inhibitor of the phosphorylation of glucose with a Ki of 107 mM. Fructose protects hexokinase D against i...

Introduction Randle’s original idea of a signal function of fuel metabolism for the initiation of insulin secretion by glucose is now generally accepted (for review see [ 13); in the pancreatic B-cell glucose is both a fuel and, at millimolar concentrations, a physiological stimulus for insulin secretion and insulin biosynthesis. The device in the pancreatic B-cell, which translates changes in ...

15 Phosphoenolypyruvate dependent glucose phosphorylation via the phosphotransferase system 16 (PTS) is the major path of glucose uptake in Corynebacterium glutamicum, but some growth from 17 glucose is retained in the absence of the PTS. The growth defect of a deletion mutant lacking the 18 general PTS component Hpr in glucose medium could be overcome by suppressor mutations 19 leading to high...