Among the key issues in smokemanagement is predicting themagnitude and location of smoke effects. These vary in severity from hazardous (acute health conditions and drastic visibility impairment to transportation) to nuisance (regional haze), and occur across a range of scales (local to continental). Over the years a variety of tools have been developed to aid in predicting smoke effects. This ...

The Nonlinear Relationship Between Terrorism and Poverty Byline: Poverty and Terrorism Walter Enders and Gary A. Hoover The fact that most terrorist attacks are staged in low income countries seems to support the notion that poverty causes terrorism. Certainly, economic theory suggests that it would be easier for a terrorist group to recruit low-income or unemployed individuals since they have ...

Terrorism has large social costs that are difficult to quantify for the well-known problems of eliciting people’s preferences for public goods. We use the LSA to assess these costs in utility and monetary terms. Based on combined cross-section time-series data, we estimate the costs of terrorism for France and the British Isles. We find large negative effects of terrorism on life satisfaction t...

The Internet provides a medium for the rapid mobilization of dissatisfied citizens and potentially contributes to various forms political instability, including terrorism. However, spread may not lead higher intensity terrorist attacks because direct perpetrators rely on close personal offline ties, national security agencies derive symmetrical benefits from development as terrorists. In additi...

This article deals with violences of culture and cultures of violence. After reviewing the specificity of anthropological views of violence, we propose a processual reconceptualisation of this, reflect on the forms and possible consequences of ethnographic research and representation in this field, and end by outlining the future of an anthropology of violence that can also be an anthropology o...

The economic situation in the Arab countries is due to several factors as the political crisis in a socio-economic vulnerability. Political changes are usually accompanied by a drop in production, a deterioration of macroeconomic balances, a high level of poverty, an appearance of economic corruptions and a structural increase in unemployment. In addition, the expansion of terrorism is a main i...

Since 1983 the US Central Intelligence Agency has defined terrorism as “premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents, usually intended to influence an audience.” Compared to the many dangers facing the US today, the threat of terrorism is relatively small. Nonetheless, at nearly all levels of US society the res...

Events like the tragedy of September 11, 2001; wars in Afghanistan and Iraq; and global efforts to combat terrorism have contributed significantly to the need for understanding issues from a broad perspective. Human Resource Development (HRD) can contribute to this understanding and needs to be examined from cultural, regional, ethnic, and religious perspectives. This paper focuses on HRD’s rol...

One determinant of peace is the role of women in society. Some studies suggest that a young age structure, also known as a "youth bulge" can facilitate conflict. Population growth and age structure are factors amenable to change in a human rights context. We propose that policies which favor voluntary family planning and the education of women can ameliorate the global burden of disease associa...