While histogram or global feature approaches are powerful methods to encode image information for retrieval purposes, they suffer from a complete lack of spatial information. One possibility to reduce this shortcoming is to store feature vectors of subregions. However, this procedure increases the size of the index vector. The paper suggests to store only the differences of the features between...

Contrary to MON-tree index less than the temporal and spatial indexing methods based on road networks we proposed Improved-MON-tree. The index is divided into two levels and the quad tree grid index at the top of the road network, and the bottom of the two-dimensional Rtree index moving object moving information. In order to support the global trajectory of moving objects query, add a hash stru...

A Review of: Essentials of global health, by R. Skolnik, Sudbury, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2008, 322 pp., including index and supplementary materials, US$57 (paperback), ISBN 13: 978-0-7637-3421-3; ISBN 10: 0-7637-3421-7 Understanding global health, edited by W.H. Markle, M. Fisher and R. Smego, Columbus, McGraw Hill, 2007, 361 pp., including index and supplemental materials, US$35 (paper...

in some data envelopment analysis (dea) applications, some inputs of dmus have negative values with positive cost. this paper generalizes the global cost malmquist productivity index to compare the productivity of dierent dmus with negative inputs in any two periods of times under variable returns to scale (vrs) technology, and then the generalized index is decomposed to several components. th...

† Dalhousie University, Halifax NS, Canada. B3H 3J5 § Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA 02138 ±Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21044, USA ÐAtmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, Earth Sciences Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, MD 20771, USA ¥University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. V6T 1Z3 ‡ Air Quality Processe...

Given an unknown attractor A in a continuous dy-namical system, how we can discover the topology and dynamics of A? As a practical matter, how can we do so from only a nite amount of information? One way of doing so is to produce a semi-conjugacy from A onto a model system M whose topology and dynamics are known. The complexity of M then provides a lower bound for the complexity of A. The Conle...

Leaf area index, defined as one half the total (all sided) leaf area per unit ground surface area [1], is a key vegetation structural parameter used in most ecological, hydrological and meteorological models to describe physical and biological processes associated with vegetated surfaces and their interaction with the atmosphere. The accuracy of existing global LAI parameters is not yet satisfa...

Informative Global Community Development Index (IGC) is an analysis method that looks at the development of the community currently residing in a intelligent city. From the understanding method, the development of intelligent cities based on a deontological ethics, the process of developing an intelligent city has to return maximum interest to the majority of the residing community in terms of ...

Existing drought indices have been widely used to monitor meteorological drought and agricultural drought; however, few of them are focus on drought monitoring for grassland regions. This study presented a new drought index, the Grassland Drought Index (GDI), for monitoring drought conditions in global grassland regions. These regions are vital for the environment and human society but suscepti...