Material properties and geometry are two important design parameters which their effects should be considered in a crashworthiness analysis. In this paper, the axial impact of metallic and hybrid energy absorbing thin-walled tubes with poly-gonal cross-section is simulated using LS-DYNA software. The combined effects of changing the geometry and material properties on the mass specific energ...

Although there is a great deal known about menthol as a flavoring agent in foods and confections, less is known about the particular sensory properties of menthol cigarette smoke. Similarly, although smoking topography (the unique way an individual smokes a cigarette) has been well studied using non-menthol cigarettes, there is relatively less known about how menthol affects smoking behavior. T...

Computer simulations of a model glass-forming system are presented, which study the correlation between the dynamics in real space and the topography of the potential energy landscape. This analysis clearly reveals that in the supercooled regime the dynamics is strongly influenced by the presence of deep valleys in the energy landscape, corresponding to long-lived metastable amorphous states. W...

OBJECTIVE To review the available evidence evaluating the abuse liability, topography, subjective effects, craving and withdrawal suppression associated with e-cigarette use in order to identify information gaps and provide recommendations for future research. METHODS Literature searches were conducted between October 2012 and January 2014 using five electronic databases. Studies were include...

CASE REPORT A male with cylindrical anisometropia secondary to retinal detachment (RD) surgery in the right eye (OD) was referred for contact lens (CL) fitting. His refraction was OD -1.25 -2.75 x 60 degrees VA 1.0 and OS +0.25 VA 1.2. He was complaining of diplopia with spectacles. Seven years prior to the RD surgery, he had undergone LASIK without complications. The diplopia was eliminated af...

We measure the geometry of a crumpled sheet of paper with laser-aided topography and discuss its statistical properties. The curvature of an elastoplastic fold scales linearly with applied force. The curvature distribution follows an exponential form with regions of high curvature localized along ridges. The measured ridge length distribution is consistent with a hierarchical model for ridge br...

Knowledge of protein crystal perfection in theory and practice is reviewed. X-ray methods of assessing perfection such as mosaicity, topography and reciprocal-space mapping are described. X-ray diffraction physics applications of protein crystals such as in Laue geometry, the large-angle oscillation technique and forming polychromatic profiles across diffraction spots are covered. Cryo- and roo...

We study numerically the interplay of surface topography and kinetics in the relaxation of crystal surface corrugations below roughening in two independent space dimensions. The kinetic processes are isotropic diffusion of adatoms across terraces and attachment-detachment of atoms at steps. We simulate the corresponding anisotropic partial differential equation for the surface height via the fi...

Standard focusing of SAR data assumes a straight recording track of the sensor platform. Small non-linearities of airborne platform are corrected for during a motion compensation step while keeping the assumption of a stripmap geometry. In the case of high resolution and high frequency SAR systems, the navigation data may not be accurate enough to perform such a motion compensation; SAR systems...