Calcite, aragonite, and vaterite are the three anhydrous polymorphs of calcium carbonate, in order of decreasing thermodynamic stability. Although vaterite is not commonly found in geological settings, it is an important precursor in several carbonate-forming systems and can be found in biological settings. Because of difficulties in obtaining large, pure, single crystals, the crystal structure...

The current metadata modeling techniques can not meet the needs of knowledge conception expression, knowledge organization, and metadata semantic consistency in geological domain. This paper introduces ontology and integrates this theory to geological domain metadata modeling. It adopts the first order logic equivalent algorithm and defines the metadata extended model as a quaternion group whic...

Measuring the geological disaster-risked situation, is a typical non-deterministic decision-making issue in disaster prevention and emergency response science for military engineering. Based on the given geological disaster risk analysis mechanism, geological disaster risk monitoring matrix was established, and risk characters’ value was obtained by mining the hidden information in the monitori...

This paper presents a geological application in a virtual immersive environment : the Immersive Geological Pilot. This application allows a user to interactively build a structured geological model and its associated geological evolution scheme (a directed acyclic graph) by setting the various geological surfaces of the model one after the other in reverse chronological order, beginning with th...

Introduction: The California Coastal Sediment Management Workgroup (CSMW) has requested proposals from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Western Coastal and Marine Geology Team (WCMG) to evaluate the transport and fate of fine sediments discharged into California coastal waters. The rationale for this proposed work is a need to better understand the environmental consequences of beach nourishme...

The popular bar prank known in colloquial English as beer tapping consists in hitting the top of a beer bottle with a solid object, usually another bottle, to trigger the foaming over of the former within a few seconds. Despite the trick being known for a long time, to the best of our knowledge, the phenomenon still lacks scientific explanation. Although it seems natural to think that shock-ind...

Laboratory tests were performed on 54 large size specimens of jointed rock mass under uniaxial loading conditions. Based on this experimental study, a methodology has been suggested to estimate strength and tangent modulus of rock masses through a weakness coefficient. The methodology involves mapping of joints in the field and laboratory testing of intact rock specimens to arrive at rock mass ...

Th is paper presents the author’s integrated regional studies during the last decade. Th e main purpose is to present an overall understanding of the geological structure, sedimentary basins and hydrocarbon systems of the whole Western Black Sea Zone (WBSZ). Th is study is based on original data from boreholes, seismic and gravity-magnetic surveys and hydrocarbon accumulations. Many geophysical...

Exceptionally preserved organic remains are known throughout the vertebrate fossil record, and recently, evidence has emerged that such soft tissue might contain original components. We examined samples from eight Cretaceous dinosaur bones using nano-analytical techniques; the bones are not exceptionally preserved and show no external indication of soft tissue. In one sample, we observe structu...

A map showing the distribution of rock units and structures across a region representation, usually on a plane surface is termed a geological map. A map showing the occurrence of structural features across a region, the distribution of rock units, and their type and age relationship is termed a geological map. Geological field mapping is the process of selecting an area of interest and identify...