As society becomes increasingly spatially enabled, Geographical Information Systems (GIS) will evolve, and geographical information will be embedded in most information applications and services that society uses. This trend presents many opportunities and challenges. It means GIS technologies will facilitate ‘more’ by becoming ‘less’. As the general use of GIS increases, the visible appearance...

Uncertainty exists widely in geographic data. However, it is often disregarded during data analysis and decision making. Proper visualization of uncertainty can help map users understand uncertainty in geographic data and make informed decisions. The study reported in this paper examines map users’ perception of and preferences for different visual variables to report uncertainty on bivariate m...

Integrating multiple geographic services from different information communities and spatiolinguistic regions is challenging because of its inherent complexity and heterogeneity. A geographic information systems workflow approach can use semantic and syntactic service descriptions to form service chains that can integrate service discovery, composition, and reuse. Service chaining links remote g...

Geographic Information System (GIS) has long been essential tool for governments, environmental institutions, military and others who depend on geographic information. GIS combines layers of data about a location to create a fuller and more accurate picture of that location. These data are obtained from different sources in different formats, datum and coordinate systems. The problem of traditi...

An analysis pattern is any part of a requirement analysis specification that can be reused in the design of other information systems as well. Urban management systems (e.g.: Tax Control Systems, Urban Transportation System) are implemented in a similar way for many counties. This paper proposes three analysis patterns that make possible the reuse of geographic database design for urban area pl...

There is an increasing demand for 3D geographic simulation systems. Most systems currently available are closed and based on fixed architectures. Some systems allow us to develop and customize a 3D geographic simulation system, but this usually requires the writing of extensive program code. Especially in 3D geodisaster simulations, for example, we need to dynamically integrate 2D legacy GIS wi...