Abstract The European Union (EU) has been using economic sanctions both as a foreign policy tool and liberal alternative to military action. Since 2006, it implementing general against the whole economy of Iran, affecting their trade relations, since 2007, following imposition by UN Security Council, also smart targeting Iranian entities natural persons associated with country's activities. In ...

Wheat is an important cereal crop of the world and its productivity has been limited by abiotic stresses. An experiment was conducted at the Department of Plant Breeding and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Poonch Rawalakot, to assess the genetic diversity for drought tolerance in synthetic wheat double haploids. On the bases of cluster analyses, the genotypes were ...

A linear programming technique is used to decompose agricultural total factor productivity change in China’s provinces during the period 1985 to 1994. The method allows the decomposition of productivity growth into two mutually exclusive and exhaustive parts: technological change and changes in pure technical efficiency. The decomposition provides a natural way to differentiate innovations from...

among investments in different sections of economy, investment in agriculture is great importance. in addition to increasing production and job opportunities in agriculture, investment in this section will help to increase these in other sections as well, due to back and front relations with other economic activities. due to the fact that investment does not yield rapidly, and it takes some tim...

This study takes advantages of recent developments in measuring total factor productivity in output specific directions to examine the influence of technological change in different agricultural sectors on land-use decisions in a cross-section of countries from 1969 to 2001. Results demonstrate a positive relationship between productivity and land in agriculture in most cases. The ruminant sect...

This study assesses the connection between money supply and economic growth in developing countries. The made use of time series data from National Bureau Statistics (NBS) Bank Tanzania. was looked at using Auto Regressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL). demonstrates that overall, has a significant favorable effect on expansion. results demonstrate boosts underdeveloped nations. indicate that, wh...

Agriculture is the largest sector in most sub-Saharan economies in terms of employment, and it plays an important role in supplying food and export earnings. Rural poverty rates remain high, and labor productivity is strikingly low. This paper asks how these factors shape the role of agriculture in African development strategies. Is agricultural growth a prerequisite for growth in other sectors...