1 of 3 DESCRIPTION A 70-year-old man with mediastinal lymphadenopathy was referred to our centre for endobronchial ultrasound with transbronchial needle aspiration. During the bronchoscopic examination, two separate anatomical bronchial variances were observed: a supernumerary ‘true’ tracheal bronchus branching off from the distal right lateral wall of the trachea ( fi gure 1A ) and a displaced...

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Intuition may lead to the hypothesis that in stochastic inventory systems a higher demand variability results in larger variances and in an increase of total expected system costs. In a recent paper, Song [5] formally proved this assertion to hold for a certain class of inventory models (including the Newsboy Problem), given a particular definition of variability. Here we use stochastic dominan...

Fully sequential indifference-zone selection procedures have been proposed in the simulation literature to select the system with the best mean performance from a group of simulated systems. However, the existing sequential indifference-zone procedures allocate an equal number of samples to the two systems in comparison even if their variances are drastically different. In this paper we propose...

This study examines effects of calibration errors on model assumptions and data–analytic tools in direct calibration assays. These effects encompass induced dependencies, inflated variances, and heteroscedasticity among the calibrated measurements, whose distributions arise as mixtures. These anomalies adversely affect conventional inferences, to include the inconsistency of sample means; the u...