Abstract This chapter explains the development of international and European law from a gender perspective describes how process gender-neutral to gender-sensitive approach was developed. Since 1945 adoption UN Charter, idea achieving greater equality merged into many documents, including first catalog women’s rights—Convention on Elimination all Forms Discrimination against Women. Many princip...

One of the key issues in practical speech recognition is to achieve robust gender identification. Most conventional gender identification approaches use relevant features derived from the magnitude spectrum. In this paper, we propose a novel gender identification method using a group delay function (GDF). Based on the statistical analysis of the GDF, it is found that the GDF is an effective fea...

This paper proposes a novel framework to improve performance of gender independent i-Vector PLDA based speaker recognition using convolutional neural network (CNN). Convolutional layers of a CNN offer robustness to variations in input features including those due to gender. A CNN is trained for ASR with a linear bottleneck layer. Bottleneck features extracted using the CNN are then used to trai...