نتایج جستجو برای: gcms hplc

تعداد نتایج: 34938  

Journal: :Journal of Water and Climate Change 2020

2011
C. Lee M. Yamamoto J. Mendonca P. L. Read

Even when forced with mostly identical physical parametrizations, general circulation models (GCMs) of Venus produce significant dispersion in the simulated zonal wind fields and meridional circulations. Horizontal resolution, lower boundary layer parametrization and initial state are among the most sensitive aspects, and consistent trends are not obtained between models (or even by the same mo...

ژورنال: ژئوفیزیک ایران 1394

ازآنجاکه سامانه‌های انسانی مانند کشاورزی و صنعت، که وابسته به عنصر‌های اقلیمی‌اند، بر مبنای ثبات و پایداری اقلیم طراحی شده و عمل می‌کنند؛ ضروری است تغییرات بلندمدت دما و بارش، که مهم‌ترین چالش در قلمرو علوم محیطی است، شناسایی شود و مدنظر قرار گیرد. برای پیش‌بینی بلندمدت عنصر‌های اقلیمی در دوره‌های آتی، استفاده از مدل‌های اقلیمی جهانی (GCMs)اجتناب‌ناپذیر است. به علت تفکیک درشت یاخته محاسباتی GCM...

Journal: :Atmosphere 2023

Raindrop evaporation is an important sub-cloud process that modifies rainfall amount and rainwater isotope values. Earlier studies have shown various general circulation models (GCMs) do not incorporate this properly during the simulation of water ratios (oxygen hydrogen). Our recent study has demonstrated inadequate estimation for Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) results in significant biases (mode...

Journal: :Journal of Asian natural products research 2015
Ahmad Azri Fitri Bin Ismail Gwendoline Cheng Lian Ee Shaari Bin Daud Soek Sin Teh Najihah Mohd Hashim Khalijah Awang

A new pyranoxanthone, venuloxanthone (1), was isolated from the stem bark of Calophyllum venulosum, together with three other xanthones, tovopyrifolin C (2), ananixanthone (3) and caloxanthone I (4), along with two common triterpenes, friedelin (5) and lupeol (6). The structures of these compounds were identified using several spectroscopic analyses which are NMR, GCMS and FTIR experiments.

2015
Ruben van Hooidonk Jeffrey Allen Maynard Yanyun Liu Sang-Ki Lee

Projections of climate change impacts on coral reefs produced at the coarse resolution (~1°) of Global Climate Models (GCMs) have informed debate but have not helped target local management actions. Here, projections of the onset of annual coral bleaching conditions in the Caribbean under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 are produced using an ensemble of 33 Coupled Model Intercomp...

2017
M. de Graaf J. Haywood N. Bellouin L. G. Tilstra P. Stammes

Absorbing aerosols exert a warming or a cooling effect on the Earth's system, depending on the circumstances. The direct radiative effect (DRE) of absorbing aerosols is negative (cooling) at the top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) over a dark surface like the ocean, as the aerosols increase the planetary albedo, but it is positive (warming) over bright backgrounds like clouds. Furthermore, radiation ab...

1995
P. Sokolov P. H. Stone

A significant number of long-term climate change simulations are to be carried out in the Integrated Framework of the MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change. Since Global Circulation Models (GCMs) require an enormous amount of computer time, the two-dimensional statistical-dynamic model developed by Stone and Yao has been chosen to be used for the initial stage of the Join...

2017
Jiban C Deb Stuart Phinn Nathalie Butt Clive A McAlpine

Two ecologically and economically important, and threatened Dipterocarp trees Sal (Shorea robusta) and Garjan (Dipterocarpus turbinatus) form mono-specific canopies in dry deciduous, moist deciduous, evergreen, and semievergreen forests across South Asia and continental parts of Southeast Asia. They provide valuable timber and play an important role in the economy of many Asian countries. Howev...

2010
Deepashree Raje P. P. Mujumdar

a r t i c l e i n f o Representation and quantification of uncertainty in climate change impact studies are a difficult task. Several sources of uncertainty arise in studies of hydrologic impacts of climate change, such as those due to choice of general circulation models (GCMs), scenarios and downscaling methods. Recently, much work has focused on uncertainty quantification and modeling in reg...

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