BACKGROUND Qualitative study of motivations to participate in research into violence and other sensitive issues can help interpretation of findings from community based quantitative surveys. It is equally important to conduct research that may enable a deeper understanding on what motivates people to participate in GBV studies. To date, not much research has been conducted to investigate the fa...

The energetics and atomic structures of 3[11̄0](111) grain boundary (GB) of body-centered cubic (bcc) Ti-Mo and Ti-V alloys are investigated using density-functional-theory calculations and virtual crystal approximation. The electron density in bcc structure and the atomic displacements and excess energy of the GB are correlated to bcc-ω phase stability. Model calculations based on pairwise inte...

Although the molecular mechanisms directing anteroposterior patterning of the Drosophila embryo (long-germband mode) are well understood, how these mechanisms were evolved from an ancestral mode of insect embryogenesis remains largely unknown. In order to gain insight into mechanisms of evolution in insect embryogenesis, we have examined the expression and function of the orthologue of Drosophi...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Ginkgolide B (GB) on doxorubicin (DOX) induced cardiotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Rat cardiomyocyte cell line H9c2 was pretreated with GB and subsequently subjected to doxorubicin treatment. Cell viability and cell apoptosis were assessed by MTT assay and Hoechst staining, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), Akt phosphorylation and ...

GB is a zwitterionic, fully N-methyl-substituted derivative of Gly that is found in a large variety of microorganisms, higher plants, and animals (Rhodes and Hanson, 1993). At high concentrations, GB does not interfere with cytoplasmic functions and it efficiently stabilizes the structure and function of many macromolecules. Thus, it belongs to a group of compounds that are known collectively a...

Herpesviruses enter cells by membrane fusion either at the plasma membrane or in endosomes, depending on the cell type. Glycoprotein B (gB) is a conserved component of the multiprotein herpesvirus fusion machinery and functions as a fusion protein, with two internal fusion loops, FL1 and FL2. We determined the crystal structures of the ectodomains of two FL1 mutants of herpes simplex virus type...

Liver damage results from a variety of insults, including hepatitis and chemical toxicity from alcohol, drugs and other toxins. The present study evaluated the hepatoprotective effects and potential mechanisms of action of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Pien Tze Huang Gan Bao (GB) in a rat model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly ...

AIM To compare gallbladder (GB) emptying in patients with chronic hepatitis C and in those with HCV related cirrhosis. METHOD 20 patients with HCV chronic hepatitis and 20 patients with HCV cirrhosis Child class A were enrolled in the study. The control group included 20 hospitalized patients free of liver disease. We excluded subjects with GB lithiasis or GB anomalies, and those with obesity...

Human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B (gB) represents a target for diagnosis and treatment in view of the role it plays in virus entry and spread. Nevertheless, to our knowledge, rare detection of a gB antigen has been reported in transplant patients and limited information is available about diagnostic gB monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Our aim was to develop gB mAbs with diagnostic potential. Hy...

In Horndeski theories containing a scalar coupling with the Gauss-Bonnet (GB) curvature invariant $R_{\rm GB}^2$, we study existence and linear stability of neutron star (NS) solutions on static spherically symmetric background. For scalar-GB form $\alpha \xi(\phi) R_{\rm where $\xi$ is function field $\phi$, linearly stable stars nontrivial profile without instabilities puts an upper bound str...