A 13-week dermal repeat-dose toxicity study was conducted with hydrodesulfurized (HDS) kerosene, a test material that also met the commercial specifications for aviation turbine fuel (jet A). The objectives were to assess the potential for target organ toxicity and neurotoxicity. The HDS kerosene was applied to the shaved backs of Sprague-Dawley CD rats, 12/sex/group, 6 h/d, 5 d/wk in doses of ...

Gasoline “divorcement” regulations restrict the integration of gasoline refiners and retailers. Theoretically, vertical integration can harm competition, making it possible that divorcement policies could increase welfare; alternatively, these policies may reduce welfare by sacrificing efficiencies. This paper attempts to differentiate between these possibilities by estimating a reduced form eq...

Nyamplung oil (Calophyllum inophyllum L) can be converted into green diesel by the catalytic deoxygenation method. Bimetallic catalyst NiAg supported hierarchical natural zeolite (NiAg/ZH) used in this This study aims to determine characteristics of NiAg/ZH and optimal conditions for nyamplung diesel. The was synthesized wet impregnation with a total metal concentration 10% mass ratio Ni/Ag 4. ...

A kerosene type hydrocarbon fraction (equivalent to 7 L m(-2)) was added to enclosures in the surface layer of high-arctic intertidal beach sediment. The experimental spill was repeated in two consecutive years in the period July-September. The rate and extent of hydrocarbon removal and the accompanying bacterial response were monitored for 79 days (2002) and 78 days (2003). The bulk of added k...

We examine how gasoline price volatility impacts consumers’ price elasticity of demand for gasoline. Results show that volatility in prices decreases consumer demand for gasoline in the intermediate run. We also find that consumers appear to be less elastic in response to changes in gasoline price when gasoline price volatility is medium or high, compared to when it is low. Moreover, we find th...

Gasoline engine exhaust has been considered as a major source of air pollution in China. Due to lower cyto- and geno-toxicity effects of methanol engine exhaust, methanol is regarded as a potential substitute for gasoline. We have previously compared cyto- and geno-toxicities of gasoline engine exhaust with that of methanol engine exhaust in A549 cells (Zhang et al., 2007).To characterize the i...

Previous reports indicated that inhalation of JP-8 aviation turbine fuel is immunosuppressive. However, in some of those studies, the exposure concentrations were underestimated, and percent of test article as vapor or aerosol was not determined. Furthermore, it is unknown whether the observed effects are attributable to the base hydrocarbon fuel (jet fuel kerosene) or to the various fuel addit...

OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to determine the pattern and severity of poisoning cases in Emergency Department of Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal (KMCTH). DESIGN Retrospective observational study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hospital records of all admissions to the Emergency Department of Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital (KMCTH) following acute poiso...

By using kerosene and avoiding postmortem rigor one can obtain perfusion rates in kidneys nearly five times faster than those reported by observers who perfused kidneys immediately post mortem with saline solution, only half as viscous as kerosene. The results obtained by kerosene perfusion indicate possible renal blood flow 50 to 100 per cent greater than that measured by Smith and his coworke...