The condensation of the spinless ideal charged Bose gas in the presence of a magnetic field is revisited. The conventional approach is extended to include the macroscopic occupation of excited kinetic states lying in the lowest Landau level, which plays an essential role in the case of large magnetic fields. In that limit, signatures of two diffuse phase transitions (crossovers) appear in the s...

Silicon carbide grains and graphite spherules containing TiC inclusions are found in the Murchison carbonaceous chondrite. The high Ca (from Ti) and Si contents of these grains are strong evidence that all three minerals originated in the deep zones of Type II supernova ejecta. We present equilibrium calculations for SN shells, and show that TiC, but not graphite or SiC, is a stable condensate ...

We show that the free relativistic wave equation which describes the particle without or with rest mass has more than one part of energy spectrum. One part of energy spectrum is beginning with rest energy and it is not limited by above. This part of spectrum is called by us as normal. Another part of energy spectrum is beginning with the zero energy. This part of spectrum is called by us as ano...

Abstract: We present an analysis of Bose-Einstein condensation for a system of noninteracting spin-0 particles in a harmonic oscillator confining potential trap. We discuss why a confined system of particles differs both qualitatively and quantitatively from an identical system which is not confined. One crucial difference is that a confined system is not characterized by a critical temperature...

Acetaldehyde reacts with hemoglobin in vitro to produce acetaldehyde-hemoglobin adducts, but we could not detect these in the blood of 20 alcoholics, either by cation-exchange chromatography or agar gel electrophoresis. Thus, contrary to previous reports, this test is not a reliable marker of alcohol abuse. Nuclear magnetic resonance and gas chromatographic-mass spectroscopic analysis of acetal...

Rydberg atoms provide a wide range of possibilities to tailor interactions in a quantum gas. Here, we report on Rydberg excitation of Bose-Einstein condensed 87Rb atoms. The Rydberg fraction was investigated for various excitation times and temperatures above and below the condensation temperature. The excitation is locally blocked by the van der Waals interaction between Rydberg atoms to a den...

Since it is impossible to measure the thermodynamics properties of all systems in nature, we must rely upon mathematical models to extrapolate the available experimental data. In order to develop such models, very accurate experimental data are necessary for selected complex mixtures, such as those that exist in natural gas. For this reason researchers must collect the most important and fundam...

We derive via diagrammatic perturbation theory the scaling behavior of the condensate and superfluid mass density of a dilute Bose gas just below the condensation temperature, T(c). Sufficiently below T(c) particle excitations are described by mean field (Bogoliubov). Near T(c), however, mean field fails, and the system undergoes a second order phase transition, rather than first order as predi...

Multistep Bose-Einstein condensation of an ideal Bose gas in anisotropic harmonic atom traps is studied. In the presence of strong anisotropy realized by the different trap frequency in each direction, finite size effect dictates a series of dimensional crossovers into lower-dimensional excitations. Two-step condensation and the dynamical reduction of the effective dimension can appear in three...

The Equation of State for a one-component System The cooperative problem for a lattice gas on a plane, square lattice and on a simple cubic lattice is solved by a system of two coupled, transcendental equations, derived by a combina­ torial method, which describes a homogeneous or periodical particle density on the lattice as a function of the temperature and the chemical potential of the latti...