BACKGROUND Few studies describe the community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) burden in children in Asia. We estimated the proportion of all CAP hospitalizations in children from nine hospitals across the Republic of Korea (high-income), Indonesia, Malaysia (middle-income), and Vietnam (low/middle-income). METHODS Over a one or two-year period, children <5 years hospitalized with CAP were identified...

The ongoing interest in the development of GaN-based enhancement-mode high electron mobility transistors (EHEMTs) resulted in several different approaches being proposed, one of them employing a reduction of the gate-to-channel distance. In order to facilitate gate recessing, a technique using a n++ cap layer was suggested by Kuzmik et al. [1], who also analyzed the contribution of the cap laye...

i Preface On its way to its current form this report has received significant input from a considerable number of experts. In particular, a panel of experts in Brussels discussed a draft version of the report on November 24, 1999 (see Appendix A for a list of names), and made a number of specific and more general comments and suggestions. The author would like to thank these people for their va...

We propose that the mushroom-shaped structure of the Galactic worm GW 123.4–1.5 is created by a cloud collision with the Galactic gas disk. A hydrodynamic simulation shows that a mushroom-shaped structure is created after the cloud crosses the Galactic midplane. The lifetime of the mushroom-shaped structure is of order the dynamical time scale of the disk, ∼ 10 years. We find that the velocitie...

The rise velocity of long gas bubbles (Taylor bubbles) in round tubes is modeled by an ovary ellipsoidal cap bubble rising in an irrotational flow of a viscous liquid. The analysis leads to an expression for the rise velocity which depends on the aspect ratio of the model ellipsoid and the Reynolds and Eötvös numbers. The aspect ratio of the best ellipsoid is selected to give the same rise velo...

The focus of this paper is short-term policy options to address greenhouse gas emissions from personal automobiles. Primary policies considered include gasoline taxes, carbon taxes, a carbon cap-andtrade program, cost-shifting initiatives, and a pay-at-thepump auto insurance scheme are examined closely. Pay-at-the-pump auto insurance is recommended on the basis of cost effectiveness, equity, pu...

Different cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) sources are used for a variety of applications and produce a variety of different reactive species based on operating conditions such as gas chemistry and operating voltage. Direct comparisons of these different sources and understanding of how local environment near the target can affect the flux of species and high energy photons are lacking. Experiment...

A ‘new Kyoto’, called for by the Australian government, may well be based on cap-and-trade, but with significant changes. Under the old Kyoto, broad participation and meaningful commitments were difficult to achieve – in part because of uncertainty about compliance costs and the dichotomy between countries with targets and those without. This policy brief examines options for making greenhouse ...

Algal biorefinery process utilizes every component of algal biomass to produce multiple useful fuel products. In this technique, acid pretreatment of algal biomass hydrolyzes microalgal carbohydrates into fermentable sugars, makes lipids more extractable and a protein part accessible for additional products. In the present study, Chlorella sorkiniana produced higher quantity of biodiesel than B...